Ця стаття містить , але походження тверджень у ній через практично повну відсутність . |
Йорж звичайний | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Йорж звичайний (Gymnocephalus cernua) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Біологічна класифікація | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Поширення йоржа звичайного в Євразії | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Посилання | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Йорж звичайний (Gymnocephalus cernua) — невелика риба з родини окуневих, типовий вид роду Йорж.
Розповсюдження
Йорж звичайний є найбільш широко розповсюдженим з п'яти видів йоржів — його природний ареал включає північну та східну частину Франції, східну частину Англії, річки басейну Балтійського моря, центральну та східну Європу та північну Азію аж до басейну Колими. У другій половині ХХ сторіччя йорж з'явився в кількох водоймах Європи за межами свого природного ареалу: в озері Лох-Ломонд в Шотландії, в озерах Італії, озері (Норвегія), в Камарзі (дельта Рони, середземноморське узбережжя Франції); цьому розповсюдженню, як вважають, сприяло будівництво каналів та широке використання йоржа як наживки у спортивному лові щуки.
На додаток, у середині вісімдесятих років ХХ сторіччя йорж був випадково інтродукований, імовірно з баластною водою суден, до річки (США), що впадає до озера Верхнє (система Великих Озер). Тут утворилась стала популяція, котра на початку 90-х років поширилася на дельтові ділянки кількох інших річок, що впадають в озеро Верхнє. Також йоржа знайшли і в озері Гурон.
В Україні йорж звичайний зустрічається по всій території, окрім Криму.
Зовнішня будова
Спина риби сіро-зелена з чорними плямами та крапками, боки жовтуваті, черево світло-сіре або біле. Спинний та хвостовий плавці з чорними цятками. Загалом, забарвлення цієї риби залежить від навколишнього середовища: йорж світліший в річках та озерах з піщаним дном, і темніший у водоймах, де дно намулисте. Очі йоржа каламутно-рожеві, іноді навіть з синьою райдужкою. Звичайна довжина 8-12 см, маса 15-25 г. Іноді зустрічаються екземпляри довжиною більш ніж 20 см та масою 100 г, і навіть більше. Великі екземпляри йоржа відомі з басейну Обі, Обської губи, та деяких уральських озер.
Дослідники виділяють декілька морфотипів йоржа. Зокрема, на різних ділянках Дніпра існують популяції «худого» та «високотілого» йоржа. Стійкі розбіжності будови тіла спостерігаються також між прибережними та глибоководними популяціями йоржа у великих водоймах (наприклад, у дніпровських водосховищах). Для таких популяцій характерні розбіжності в числі променів та колючок в спинному плавці, числі лусок над та під бічною лінією, числі колючок на зябрових пластинах, хребців в хребті та у відносній величині голови, рильця, очей та плавців.
На додаток до різних морфотипів, в Євразії існує також і географічний градієнт анатомічної будови йоржів від менших значень на заході ареалу (Європа) до більших значень на сході (Сибір) в наступних анатомічних деталях: максимальна та мінімальна висота тіла, предорсальна та преанальна відстань, висота першого спинного плавця, довжина та висота анального плавця, та довжина черевних плавців.
Статевий диморфізм у йоржів не дуже помітний, але виявляється в кількох анатомічних характеристиках: висота тіла, довжина верхньої половини хвостового плавця, довжина грудних плавців та величина ока — все це більше у самців, аніж у самок.
Генетика
Йорж звичайний має 2n=48 хромосом, і може гібридизуватись з окунем звичайним та йоржем дунайським. При гібридизації йоржа звичайного із окунем звичайним гібриди мають проміжні риси будови батьківських форм, але звичайно за зовнішнім виглядом ближчі до материнського виду, аніж до батьківського. Такі гібриди ростуть швидше за йоржа та окуня, та є більш пристосованими до несприятливих значень температури, забруднення води, краще переносять голодування. При цьому гібриди чоловічої статі є стерильними (не можуть давати нащадків), а гібриди жіночої статі можуть давати потомство з чоловічими особинами як йоржа, так і окуня. Гібриди йоржа звичайного та йоржа дунайського також мають забарвлення та характеристики скелету, що є проміжними відносно батьківських видів, але щодо їхнього розмноження достовірних відомостей наразі немає.
Спосіб життя
Йорж є дуже невибагливим, зазвичай зграйним видом, і добре почуває себе в широкому спектрі умов навколишнього середовища. Його можна знайти як в прісних, так і в солонуватоводних водоймах з показником солоності до 10-12 °/°°; в системах озерного та проточного типу; на глибинах від 0.25 до 85 метрів; на рівні моря та в гірських ареалах та від оліготрофних до евтрофних вод; критичні значення температури води для виживання йоржа — це 0-2°С та 34.5 °C . Але, незважаючи на такий широкий спектр прийнятних умов, загалом можуть бути виділені три основні риси місць помешкання цього виду. Ідеальними умовами для цієї риби є тихоплинні водойми з м'яким дном, не вкритим водяною рослинністю; звичайно щільність популяції йоржа зростає разом зі зростанням показника евтрофікації. М'якодонні ділянки є привабливішими для йоржа з огляду на те, що переважна більшість об'єктів його харчування водиться саме в таких місцях, а також тому, що такі ділянки зазвичай асоційовані з відносно глибокими та затіненими частинами водойм — так як всі види роду Йорж мають фізіологічні адаптації, що сприяють пристосуванню до життя в умовах малої кількості світла.
На відміну від решти представників родини Окуневих, щільність популяцій яких є максимальною при середніх показниках евтрофікації водойми (в мезевтрофних умовах), йорж досягає максимуму чисельності в евтрофних та гіперевтрофних умовах; чисельність йоржа зростає при надходженні мінеральних та органічних добрив антропогенного походження аж до таких їхніх значень, котрих майже ніякі інші види риб не витримують.
Для пояснення позитивної кореляції між рівнем евтрофікації водойми та чисельністю йоржа існують чотири основні гіпотези.
1. Живлення йоржа проходить більш ефективно в умовах слабкого освітлення, які притаманні ситуації спалаху чисельності водоростей, що провокований евтрофікацією водойми;
2. Кількість та різноманіття бентосних організмів, що є основною харчовою базою йоржа, можуть підвищуватись (особливо що стосується дрібних видів) у відповідь до підвищення надходження органічних речовин з , кількість яких зростає при евтрофікації;
3. Підвищення біопродуктивності водойми на початку процесу евтрофікації може зменшувати навантаження хижаків на популяцію йоржа за рахунок часткового переорієнтування їх на інші види, а при досягненні гіперевтрофних умов завдяки зменшенню популяції хижаків, спричиненому токсичним впливом евтрофікуючих речовин;
4. І, нарешті, йорж може фізіологічно бути пристосованим до гіперевтрофних умов краще за інші види.
Розмноження
Статевої зрілості йорж звичайно досягає у віці 2-3 роки, при розмірах тіла близько 11-12 сантиметрів; в деяких водоймах йоржі можуть починати розмножуватись і у віці одного року, що дослідники пояснюють впливом теплішої, в середньому, води або високим рівнем загибелі на ранніх стадіях життя в даній популяції.
Ікру цей вид відкладає на дуже широкий спектр субстратів на глибині 3 метри та менше, при цьому її не охороняючи. Нерест відбувається з середини квітня до червня, у досить широкому діапазоні температур — відомі випадки нересту як при 6 °C, так і при 18 °C. Інтервал значень рН, при яких ікра йоржа здатна нормально розвиватись, є одним з найбільшим серед риб, для яких досліджувався даний параметр, і лежить між значеннями 6.5 та 10.5.
Йорж може відкладати 2-3 кладки ікри під час одного акту нересту; кількість ікринок залежить від розмірів самиці та становить від 10 до 200 тисяч штук. Діаметр ікринок також корелює з розмірами самиці і знаходиться в інтервалі 0.34-1.3 мм, при цьому ікринки першої кладки завжди більші та жовтіші порівняно із другою та третьою. Розвиток ікри триває 5-12 діб при температурі від 10 до 15 °C.
У декількох популяціях у йоржа реєструвались випадки гермафродитизму. Наприклад, у Фінській затоці Балтійського моря в гонадах (статевих залозах) приблизно 25 % всіх обстежених звичайних йоржів містились як сперматозоїди, так і яйцеклітини; при цьому 85 % цих риб мали гонади «чоловічого» типу. Близько половини цих гермафродитів функціонували як нормальні самці, для іншої половини, що функціонували як самки, плодючість варіювала від нормальних значень до повної стерильності, і лише 2 % гермафродитних риб могли функціонувати поперемінно і як самці, і як самки. Наявність великої кількості таких «інтерсексуальних» риб, тим не менше, не змінювала значення продуктивності даної обстеженої популяції порівняно з іншими.
Життєвий цикл
У більшості випадків дослідники визначають вік йоржа за кількістю кіл наростання на лусках; також іноді як віковий індикатор використовується кількість шарів в . Самки йоржа можуть досягати, як максимум, віку в 11 років, але самиці загалом не переживають семирічного віку; при цьому в природних популяціях до 93 % складають риби віком 1-3 роки.
На початку життя мальки йоржа живляться переважно коловертками та личинками копепод; для йоржів довжиною більш ніж 1 см основним харчовим ресурсом стають циклопи, личинки хірономід, та гілчастовусі рачки. Найбільш споживаними родами хірономід є Chironomus (особливо вид Chironomus plumosus) та Procladius. З часом, по мірі зростання, доля хірономід в раціоні йоржа зменшується. Основним трофічним ресурсом дорослого йоржа є різноманітні (в основному бентосні) черви, дрібні ракоподібні та п'явки. Йоржі, що були відловлені в солонуватоводних водоймах або на великих глибинах (30 метрів та більше) також виявились активними споживачами макроскопічних ракоподібних — таких як Pallasea quadrispinosa, Pontoporeia affinis, Mysis relicta, Neomysis integer, Diaporeia affinis та Gammarus spp. Йоржі активно живляться протягом всього року, хоча пізньої осені і взимку не в таких об'ємах, як влітку. Головним органом чуття, що використовує йорж при пошуку здобичі, є бокова лінія. При цьому навіть засліплений йорж може знаходити нерухому здобич, орієнтуючись винятково завдяки цьому органу чуття. Тим не менше, при харчуванні протягом світлої частини доби йорж також активно використовує і зір.
Основними трофічними конкурентами йоржа в Європі та Азії є інші риби-, такі як лящ, , велика плітка, осетрові, , окунь, вугор та інші. Найжорсткіша міжвидова конкуренція спостерігається між йоржем та окунем — з огляду на те, що набори об'єктів живлення молодого окуня та йоржа майже повністю перекриваються. Ознакою того, що у йоржа існує і внутрішньовидова конкуренція за харчові ресурси є спостереження, що при збільшенні щільності популяції йоржа темпи зростання риб в ній значно знижуються.
Природними ворогами йоржа, що можуть в значних об'ємах їх поїдати, є судак, щука, великий окунь; також у невеликій кількості йоржа споживають минь, вугор, сом та лососі. Зрідка спостерігались і випадки канібалізму.
Окрім того, йоржів активно ловлять баклани, різні види чапель, невеликих особин — рибалочка, крех малий та крех великий.
Див. також
Джерела
- Adams, C. E. 1991. Shift in pike, Esox lucius L., predation pressure following the introduction of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) to Loch Lomond. Journal of Fish Biology 38:663-667.
- Adams, C. E., and R. Tippett. 1991. Powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), ova predation by newly introduced ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), in Loch Lomond, Scotland. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 22:239-246.
- Ahlbert, I. B. 1970. The organization of the cone cells in the retinae of four teleosts with different feeding habits (Perca fluviatilis L., Lucioperca lucioperca L, Acerina cernua L and Coregonus albula L). Arkiv for Zoologi 22(11):445-481.
- Alarotu, H. 1944. Untersuchungen uber die an fischen in Finnland lebenden monogenetischen trematoden. Acta Zoologica Fennica 43:5-52. [In German]
- Aleksandrova, A. I. 1974. A morphological and ecological description of the ruffe (Acerina cernua) of the middle reaches of the Dnieper. Journal of Ichthyology 14:53-59.
- Ali, M. A., and M. Anctil. 1968. Correlation entre la structure retinienne et l'habitat chez Stizostedion vitreum vitreum et S. canadense. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 25:2001-2003. [in French with English summary]
- Ali, M. A., R. A. Ryder, and M. Anctil. 1977. Photoreceptors and visual pigments as related to behavioural responses and preferred habitats of perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1475-1480.
- Anttila, R. 1973. Effects of sewage on the fish fauna in the Helsinki area. Oikos Supplementum 15:226-229.
- Appelberg, M. 1990. Population regulation of the crayfish Astacus astacus L. after liming an oligotrophic, low-alkaline forest lake. Limnologica 20:319-327.
- Bagge, P., and L. Hakkari. 1982. The food and parasites of fish in some deep basins of northern L. Paijanne. Hydrobiologia 86:61-65.
- Bagge, P., and L. Hakkari. 1985. Fish fauna of stony shores of Lake Saimaa (Southeastern Finland) before and during the floods (1980—1982). Aqua Fennica 15:237-244.
- Bakanov, A.I., V. I. Kiyashko, M. M. Smetanin, and A. S. Strel'nikov. 1987. Factors affecting fish growth. Journal of Ichthyology 27(5):124-132.
- Balagurova, M. V. 1963. The biological basis for rational regulation of fishery on Syam group lakes, Karelya. Academy of Science Press, Moscow-Leningrad. 88 pp.
- Balon, E. K., W. T. Momot, and H. A. Regier. 1977. Reproductive guilds of percids: results of the paleological history and ecological succession. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1910-1921.
- Bast, H., H. Winkler, and W. Hahn. 1983. Remarks on the biology and importance of the porcupine fish (Gymnocephalus cernua) in the chain of shallow waters. Fischerei Forschung 21(4):34-38. [In German]
- Bastl, I. 1988. On the reproduction biology of three Gymnocephalus species (Pisces: Percae). Prace Ustavu Rybar. Hydrobiol 6:9-31.
- Berg, L. S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Vol III, 4th ed. Acad. Sci., Moscow, U.S.S.R. [translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1965].
- Bergman, E. 1987. Temperature-dependent differences in foraging ability of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 19:45-53.
- Bergman, E. 1988. Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua, under different environmental conditions. Journal of Animal Ecology 57:443-453.
- Bergman, E. 1990a. Distribution and competitive abilities of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus along environmental gradients. Ph.D. dissertation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 83 p.
- Bergman, E. 1990b. Effects of roach Rutilus rutilus on two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua: importance of species interactions for diet shifts. Oikos 57:241-249.
- Bergman, E. 1991. Changes in abundance of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus, along a productivity gradient: Relations to feeding strategies and competitive abilities. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:536-545.
- Bergman, E., and L. A. Greenberg. 1994. Competition between a planktivore, a benthivore, and a species with ontogenetic diet shifts. Ecology 75:1233-1245.
- Berka, R. 1990. Inland capture fisheries of the USSR. FAO Technical Paper 311.
- Biliy, M. D. 1967. Morphological characters of ruffe from the Dneiper and Kakhovka reservoir. Dopov. AN USSR, No. 2, ser. B. [in Ukrainian].
- Bills, T. D., D. A. Johnson, and J. H. Selgeby. 1992. Effect of a lampricide treatment on ruffe and other nontarget fish in the Brule River, Brule, Wisconsin, Phase (2). Special report, National Fisheries Research Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
- Biro, P. 1971. Growth investigation of ruffe (Acerina cernua L.) in Lake Balaton. Ann. Biol. Inst. Tihany 38:131-142.
- Biro, P. 1977. Effects of exploitation, introductions, and eutrophication on percids in Lake Balaton. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1678-1683.
- Boikova, O. S. 1986. Feeding of fish in Lake Glubokoe (USSR): Decrease in perch and ruff. Hydrobiologica 141:95-112.
- Bonar, A. 1977. Relations between exploitation, yield, and community structure in Polish pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) lakes, 1966—1971. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1576-1580.
- Boron, S., and B. Kuklinska. 1987. Food of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus L.) and Gudgeon (Gobio gobio) in Wloclawek Dam Reservoir. Acta Ichthyologica et piscatoria 17(1):59-76.
- Bozhko, S. I., B. Meszaros, and E. Toth. 1978. The karyological studies on some species of Percidae. Acta Biol. Iugosl. E. Ichthyology (Ichthyologia???) 10:17-28.
- Busiahn, T. R. 1993. Can the ruffe be contained before it becomes YOUR problem? Fisheries (Bethesda) 18(8):22-23.
- Butskaya, N. A. 1976. On the large-scale intersexuality of the ruffe Acerina cernua of the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. Journal of Ichthyology 16:737-745.
- Butskaya, N. A. 1980. The role of temperature and photoperiod in the sexual cycle of the ruffe, Acerina cernua. Journal of Ichthyology 20:73-81.
- Butskaya, N.A. 1985. Analysis of the productivity of spermatogenesis in different periods of the sexual cycle of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus. Journal of Ichthyology. 25:44-51.
- Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I. E., A. V. Gusev, M. N. Dubinina, N. A. Izyumova, T. S. Smirnova, I. L. Sokolovskaya, G. A. Shtein, S. S. Shul'man, and V. M. Epshtein. 1964. Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U.S.S.R. Translated from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 919 pp.
- Cacutt, L. 1979. British Freshwater Fishes: The Story of their Evolution. Croon Helm, London. 202 pp.
- Christie, W. J., G. R. Spangler, K. H. Loftus, W. L. Hartman, P. J. Colby, M. A. Ross, and D. R. Talhelm. A perspective on Great Lakes fish community rehabilitation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44(suppl. II):486-499.
- Coble, D. W. 1990. Lake trout, sea lampreys, and overfishing in the Upper Great Lakes: A review and reanalysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119:985-995.
- Coburn, M. M., and J. I. Gaglione. 1992. A comparative study of percid scales (Teleostei: Perciformes). Copeia 1992:986-1001.
- Coffman, W. P. 1978. Chironomidae. pages 345—376. In R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins [eds.] An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.
- Collette, B. B. 1963. The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the Percidae (Teleostei). Copeia. 1963:615-623.
- Collette, B. B., and P. Banarescu. 1977. Systematics and zoogeography of the fishes of the family Percidae. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1450-1463.
- Craig, J. F. 1987. The biology of perch and related fish. Timber Press, Portland. 333 pp.
- Danil'chenko, O. P. 1982. A comparison of the reaction of fish embryos and prolarvae to certain natural factors and synthesized compounds. Journal of Ichthyology 22(1):123-134.
- Danil'chenko, O. P., and N. S. Stroganov. 1975. Evaluation of toxicity to the early ontogeny of fishes of substances discharged into a body of water. Journal of Ichthyology 15:311-319.
- de Nie, H. W. 1987. Food, feeding periodicity and consumption of the eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in the shallow eutrophic Tjeukemeer (The Netherlands). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 109:421-443.
- Deelder, C. L., and J. Willemsen. 1964. Synopsis of biological data on pike-perch Lucioperca lucioperca (Linnaeus) 1758. FAO Fisheries Synopsis no. 28. 34 pp.
- Denton, E. J., and J. A. B. Gray. 1988. Mechanical factors in the excitation of the lateral lines of fishes. pp. 595–617 in J. Atema, R. R. Fay, A. N. Popper, and W.N. Tavolga. [eds.]. Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals.
- Denton, E. J., and J. A. B. Gray. 1989. Some observations on the forces acting on neuromasts in fish lateral line canals. pp. 229–246 in S. Coombs, P. Gorner, and H. Munz [eds]. The Mechanosensory Lateral Line: Neurobiology and Evolution. Springer Verlag, NY.
- Dijkgraaf, S. 1934. Untersuchungen uber die funktion der seitenorgane an fischen. Z. Vergleich. Physiol. 20:162-214.
- Disler, N. N. 1960. Lateral line sense organs and their importance in fish behavior. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. [translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1971]
- Disler, N. N., and S. A. Smirnov. 1977. Sensory organs of the lateral-line canal system in two percids and their importance in behavior. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1492-1503.
- Doornbos, G. 1979. Winter food habits of smew (Mergus albellus L.) on Lake Yssel, The Netherlands: Species and size selection in relation to fish stocks. Ardea 67:42-48.
- Duncan, A. 1990. A review: limnological management and biomanipulation in the London reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 200/201:541-548.
- Dykova, I., and J. Lom. 1978. Histopathological changes in fish gills infected with myxosporidian parasites of the genus Henneguya. Journal of Fish Biology 12:197-202.
- Edsall, T. A., J. H. Selgeby, T. J DeSorcie, and J. R. P. French III. 1993. Growth-temperature relation for young-of-the-year ruffe. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19:630-633.
- Eklov, P., and S. F. Hamrin. 1989. Predatory efficiency and prey selection: interactions between pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis and rudd Scardinus erythrophthalmus. Oikos 56:149-156.
- Elshoud-Odenhave, M. J. W., and J. W. M. Osse. 1976. Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruffe — Gymnocephalus cernua (L. 1758) — (Teleostei, Percidae). Journal of Morphology 150:399-422.
- Entz, B. 1977. Environmental conditions of percid waters in central Europe. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1586-1591.
- Faulkner, M. 1989. The application of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to the taxonomic identification of the total body protein band profiles of Diplostomum spp. metacercaria (Digenea), parasites of fish eyes. Electrophoresis 10(4):260-264.
- Fedorova, G. V. 1974. The biology and abundance of the pike-perch in Lake Ilmen (1968—1970). Izv. Gos. N.-i. in-ta ozern. I rechn. rybn. kh-va 86:???-???. [In Russian]
- Fedorova, G. V., and S. A. Vetkasov. 1974. Biological characteristics and abundance of Lake Ilmen ruffe. Journal of Ichthyology 13:943-946.
- Flock, A. 1967. Ultrastructure and function in the lateral line organs. pp. 163–197 in P. Cahn [editor]. Lateral Line Detectors. Indiana University Press.
- Ford, J. B. 1962. The vertical distribution of larval Chironomidae (Dipt.) in the mud of a stream. Hydrobiologia 19:262-272.
- French, J. R. P., and T. A. Edsall. 1992. Morphology of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) protolarvae from the St. Louis River, Lake Superior. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 7:59-68.
- Fry, F. E. J. 1953; The 1944 year class of lake trout in South Bay, Lake Huron. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 82:178-192.
- Goldspink, C. R., and J. W. Banks. 1975. A description of the Tjeukemeer fishery together with a note upon the yield statistics between 1964 and 1970. Journal of Fish Biology 7:687-708.
- Gray, J. A. B., and A. C. G. Best. 1989. Patterns of excitation of the lateral line of the ruffe. Journal of the Marine Biology Association (U.K.) 69:289-306.
- Haenen, O. L. M., and P. Van Banning. 1990. Detection of larvae of Anguillicola crassus (an Eel swimbladder Nematode) in freshwater fish species. Aquaculture 87:103-109.
- Hallett, C. 1977. Contribution to the study of the diet of the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Lesse Valley. Aves 14(2):128-144.
- Hanski, K. 1977. The nutrition of the ruff, Gymnocephalus cernua (L.), in the Bothnian Bay. Kalamies 1977(1):3-???. [In Finnish with an English summary]
- Hansson, S. 1984. Competition as a factor regulating the geographical distribution of fish species in a Baltic archipelago: a neutral model analysis. Journal of Biogeography 11:367-381.
- Hansson, S. 1985. Effects of eutrophication on fish communities with special reference to the Baltic Sea — a literature review. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm 62:36-56.
- Hansson, S. 1987. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on coastal fish communities in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea. Ambio 16:344-348.
- Harder, W. 1975. Anatomy of fishes. Hans Richarz, Publikations Service, 5205 Sankt Augustin. 351 pp.
- Hartman, J., and W. Numann. 1977. Percids of Lake Constance, a lake under eutrophication. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1670-1677.
- Heinonen, P. and P. Falck. 1971. The effect of waste water on fish. Aqua Fennica 11:105-110.
- Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1966. The biology of Chironomus plumosus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59:465-473.
- Hoglund, J., and K. Thomas. 1992. The black goby Gobius niger as a potential paratenic host for the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus in a thermal effluent of the Baltic. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 13:175-180.
- Hokanson, K. E. F. 1977. Temperature requirements of some percids and adaptations to the seasonal temperature cycle. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1524-1550.
- Holcik, J., and K. Hensel. 1974. A new species of Gymnocephalus from the Danube, with remarks on the genus. Copeia 1974:471-486.
- Holcik, J. and J. Mihalik. 1968. Freshwater fishes. Spring Books, London. 126 pp.
- Holcik, J., P. Banarescu, and D. Evans. 1989. General introduction to fishes. pp. 18–147. In J. Holcik [ed.] The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1 (pt. 2). AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
- Holker, F., and C. Hammer. 1994. Growth and food of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) in the Elbe Estuary. Archives of Fisheries and Marine Research 42:47-62. [Biolib #1819]
- Ivanova, M. N. 1969. Nutritive rations and food coefficients of predatory fishes in Rybinsk reservoir. Translations of the United States Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife no 72-12448. 27 pp.
- Izyumova, N. A. 1958. Seasonal dynamics of the parasites of fish in the Rybinsk water reservoir. Trudy Biologicheskoj Stancii Borok (Moskva) 3:384-398. [In Russian]
- Izyumova, N. A. 1964. The formation of the parasitofauna of fishes in the Rybinsk reservoir. pp. 49 55 In. R. Ergens and B. Rysavy [Editors] Parasitic Worms and Aquatic Conditions: Proceedings of a Symposium, Prague, 29 October — 2 November 1962, Czechoslovak Academy Sciences.
- Jakubowski, M. 1963. Cutaneous sense organs of fishes. I. The lateral-line organs in the stone-perch (Acerina cernua L.). Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Zool. 6:59-78.
- Jamet, J. L., and F. Desmolles. 1994. Growth, reproduction and condition of roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), perch (Perca fluviatilis, L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.)) in eutrophic Lake Aydat (France). Internationale Revue der Gesamaten Hydrobiologie 78:305-322.
- Jamet, J. L., and N. Lair. 1991. An example of diel feeding cycle of two percids, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in eutrophic Lake Aydat (France). Annales Des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris. 12:99-105.
- Jielof, R., A. Spoor, and H. de Vries. 1952. The microphonic activity of the lateral line. Journal of Physiology (London) 116:137-???.
- Johansson, L., and L. Persson. 1986. The fish community of temperature eutrophic lakes. pp. 237–266. In B. Riemann and M. Sondergaard [eds.] Carbon Dynamics in Eutrophic, Temperate Lakes. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Johnsen, P. 1965. Studies on the distribution and food of the ruffe (Acerina cernua) in Denmark, with notes on other aspects. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser 4:137-156.
- Jokela, J., E. T. Valtonen, and M. Lappalainen. 1991. Development of glochidia of Anodonta piscinalis and their infection of fish in a small lake in northern Finland. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 120:345-355.
- Kammerer, P. 1907. Hybridization of river perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruff (Acerina cernua L.). Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. (Wilhelm Roux). 23:511-555 [translated from German by USEPA Lib., BTR 76-491.
- Kangur, K., A. Kangur, and P. Kangur. 2000. Diet composition and food consumption level of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), in Lake Peipsi. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol. Ecol. 49:121-135.
- Kashkovski, V. V. 1982. Seasonal variations of the age composition of a population of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae). Parazitologiya 16:35-40. [In Russian].
- Kawecka, B., and B. Szcesny. 1984. Dunajec. pp. 499–525. In. B. A. Whitton [ed.] Ecology of European Rivers. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford.
- Kiyashko, V. I., and V. M. Volodin. 1978. The influence on the embryonic development of the ruffe, Acerina cernua, of the active response of the environment. Journal of Ichthyology 18:693-695.
- Klinkhardt, M. B. 1990. Karyological studies in several species of freshwater fishes from brackish coastal waters of south western Baltic. I. The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua (L.)). Zool. Anz. 224(3/4):156-164.
- Knowles, C. M. 1974. Vorkommen, verbreitung und biologie der haufigsten fischarten der unterelbe nter besonderer berucksichtigung der plotze (Rutilus rutilus L.) und des kaulbarsches (Acerina cernua L.). Biplomarbeit, University of Hamburg. [In German]
- Kolomin, Y. M. 1977. The Nadym River ruffe, Acerina cernua. Journal of Ichthyology 17:345-349.
- Koshelev, B. V. 1963. Morpho-ecological peculiarities of oogeneses in related species of percoid fishes. Tr. Inst. Morfol. Zhivotn. Acad. Nauk Severtsova 38:189-231. [Translated from Russian by U.S. EPA lib. TR77-99]
- Kozlova, M. F., and V. A. Panasenko. 1977. Annual food consumption of bream (Abramis brama) and ruffe (Acerina cernua) populations in the Courland Lagoon (Kurshskiy Zaliv). Journal of Ichthyology 17:382-388.
- Kranz, H., and N. Peters. 1984. Melano-macrophage centres in liver and spleen of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) from the Elbe estuary. Helgolander Meeresunters. 7:415-424.
- Kuderskiy, L. A. 1966. Local populations of the ruffe in Syamozero. Tr. Karel'sk otd. Gos. n.-i. inst. oz. i. rechn. rybn. khoz. 4(1):???-???.
- Kuiper, J. W. 1967. Frequency characteristics and functional significance of the lateral line organ. pp. 105–121 in P. Cahn [editor]. Lateral Line Detectors. Indiana University Press.
- Lammens, E. H. R. R., W. L. T. Densen, and R. Knijn. 1990. The fish community structure in Tjeukemeer in relation to fishery and habitat utilization. Journal of Fish Biology 36:933-945.
- Lawrie, A. H. 1970. The sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 99:766-775.
- Leach, J. H., M. G. Johnson, J. R. M. Kelso, J. Hartmann, W. Numann, and B. Entz. 1977. Responses of percid fishes and their habitats to eutrophication. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1964-1971.
- Lelek, A. 1987. The freshwater fishes of Europe: Threatened fishes of Europe. Volume 9. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
- Leopold, M., M. Bninska, and W. Nowak. 1986. Commercial fish catches as an index of lake eutrophication. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 106:513-524.
- Leszczynski, L. 1963. Characteristics of the feeding habits of ruffe — Acerina cernua (L.) in Kortowskie Lake. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 82B2:251-271. [In Polish with English and Russian summaries and English figure captions]
- Lieder, U. 1964. Uber den gegenwartigen stand und die methodik der chromosomenunter-suchungern bei gischen. Z. Fischerei 11:673-684.
- Lind, E. A. 1977. A review of pikeperch (Stizostedion vitreum), Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua) in Finland. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1684-1695.
- Lindesjoo, E., and J. Thulin. 1990. Fin erosion of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua in a pulp mill effluent area. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 8:119-126.
- Logvinenko, B. M., O. P. Kodolova, and I. B. Polyanskaya. 1983. Polymorphism of nonspecific esterases of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua (Percidae). Journal of Ichthyology 23:165-168.
- Maitland, P. S. 1977. The Hamlyn guide to freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe. Hamlyn Publishing Group, Ltd. London. 256 pp.
- Maitland, P. S. 1990. Biology of fresh waters, 2nd ed. Blackie and Son, Ltd. 276 pp.
- Maitland, P. S., and K. East. 1989. An increase in numbers of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua, in a Scottish loch from 1982 to 1987. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 20:227-228.
- Maitland, P. S., K. East, and K. H. Morris. 1983. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua, new to Scotland, in Loch Lomond. Scottish Naturalist 1983:7-9.
- Marshall, T. R. 1977. Morphological, physiological, and ethological differences between walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and pikeperch (S. lucioperca). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34: 1515—1523.
- Matkovskiy, A. K. 1987. On the methods of analysis of data on feeding of predatory fishes: Regression analysis between fragments of prey organisms and their body length (for the fishes of the Middle Ob'). Journal of Ichthyology 27:113-117.
- Mattila, J. 1992. The effect of habitat complexity on predation efficiency of perch Perca fluviatilis L. and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ??:55-67.
- Mattila, J., and E. Bonsdorff. 1989. The impact of fish predation on shallow soft bottoms in brackish waters (SW Finland); An experimental study. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:69-81.
- Mayr, B., M. Kalat, and M. Lambrou. 1987. Band karyotypes and specific types of heterochromatins in several species of European percid fishes. Genetica. 75:199-205.
- Mikkola, H., H. Oksman, and P. Shemeikka. 1979. Experimental study of mortality in vendace and whitefish eggs through predation by bottom fauna and fish. Aqua Fennica 9:68-72.
- Mills, C. A., and A. Eloranta. 1985. The biology of Phoxinus phoxinus and other littoral zone fishes in Lake Konnevesi, central Finland. Ann. Zool. Fennici 22:1-12.
- Moller, H., K. Anders, M. Fiedler, G. Costa, B. Dieckwisch, S. Klatt, H. Luchtenberg, C. Pohl, K. Ronnau, S. Schroder, and M. Voigt. 1988. Fischbestande und fischkrankheiten in der Unter-Elbe 1984—1986. Kiel: Moller 1988. 344 pp. [In German]
- Nagiec, M. 1977. Pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in its natural habitats in Poland. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1581-1585.
- Nagy, S. 1985. The food of three sympatric species of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus, G. schraetser and G. baloni) in the side arms of the Danube at Baka.. Prace Ustavu Rybarstva a Hydrobiologie 5:101-138.
- Nagy, S. 1986. The food preference of ruffe species (Gymnocephalus cernuus, Gymnocephalus schraetser and Gymnocephalus baloni) in the Baciansky Branch System of the Danube. Zivocisna Vyroba 31:937-943.
- Nagy, S. 1988. Summer diet of dominant fish species in the Zofin Branch of the Danube. Prace Ustavu Rybarstva a Hydrobiologie 6:59-79.
- Neja, Z. 1988. On some problems of reproduction of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L., 1758) in the Lake Dabie. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 18:33-50.
- Neuhaus, E. 1934. Studien uber das Stettiner Haff und seine Nebengewasser. 3. Untersuchungen uber den Zander. Z. Fisch. Deren Hilfswiss. 32:599-634. [In German]
- Neuman, E. 1979. Catch-temperature relationship in fish species in a brackish heated effluent. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm. 58:88-106.
- Neuman, E., and P. Karas. 1988. Effects of pulp mill effluent on a Baltic coastal fish community. Water Science and Technology 20(2):95-106.
- Nilsson, N. 1979. Food and habitat of the fish community of the offshore region of Lake Vanern, Sweden. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm. 58:126-139.
- Nilsson, N. 1985. The niche concept and the introduction of exotics. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm. 62:128-135.
- Nygren, A, P. Edlund, U. Hirsch, and L. Ahsgren. 1968. Cytological studies in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), pike (Esox lucius L.), pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.), and ruffe (Acerina cernua L.). Hereditas 59:518-525.
- Nyman, O. L. 1969. Polymorphic serum esterases in two species of freshwater fishes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26:2532-2534.
- Nyman, O.L. 1975. Allelic selection in a fish (Gymnocephalus cernua (L.)) subjected to hotwater effluents. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm. 54:75-82.
- Opalatenko, L. K. 1967. Percids of the Upper Dniester. Vestn. zool. 2.
- Page, L. M. 1985. Evolution and reproductive behaviors in percid fishes. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin. 3:275-295.
- Pavlovskiy, S. A., and O. P. Sterligova. 1986. Predation of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, and benthic invertebrates on the eggs of Lake Syam whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus pallasi. Journal of Ichthyology 26:80-86.
- Peirson, G., M. Cryer, I. J. Winfield, and C. R. Townsend. 1986. The impact of reduced nutrient loading on the fish community of a small isolated lake, Alderfen Broad. Proceedings of the 4th British Freshwater Fisheries Converence. 4:167-175.
- Persson, L., and L. Greenberg. 1990a. Juvenile competitive bottlenecks: the perch (Perca fluviatilis)-roach (Rutilis rutilis) interaction. Ecology 71:44-56.
- Persson, L., and L. Greenberg. 1990b. Interspecific and intraspecific size class competition affecting resource use and growth of perch, Perca fluviatilis. Oikos 59:97-106.
- Persson, L., S. Diehl, L. Johansson, G. Anderson, and S. F. Hamrin. 1991. Shifts in fish communities along the productivity gradient of temperate lakes — patterns and the importance of size-structured interactions. Journal of Fish Biology. 38:281-293.
- Pervozvanskiy, V. Y., and V. F. Bugayev. 1992. Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from the Keret' River (White Sea basin). Journal of Ichthyology 32(4):116-126.
- Peters, H., A. Kohler, and H. Kranz. 1987. Liver pathology in fishes from the lower Elbe as a consequence of pollution. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2:87-97.
- Pethon, P. 1980. Variations in the fish community of the Øra estuary, SE Norway, with emphasis on the freshwater fishes. Fauna norv. Ser A1:5-14.
- Petlina, A. P. 1967. Biology of the ruffe from Western Siberia. Author's abstract of candidature thesis. Tomsk Univ. Press.
- Petrushevski, G. K., and S. S. Shulman. 1961. The parasitic diseases of fishes in the natural waters of the U.S.S.R. pp. ???-??? in V. A. Dogiel, G. K. Petrushevski, and Y. I. Polyanski. Parasitology of Fishes.
- Pihu, E. R. 1982. Reorganization of the fishing industry and ichthyocoenosis succession in Lake Vyrts'yarv (Estonian SSR). Journal of Ichthyology 22(6):39-44.
- Pihu, E., and A. Maemets. 1982. The management of fisheries in Lake Vortsjarv. Hydrobiologia 86:207-210.
- Pihu, E. H., and E. R. Pihu. 1974. The food of main predacious fish of Pskov-Chudskoy Lake. Izv. Gos. Nauchno Issled. Inst. Ozern. Rechn. Rybn. Khoz. 83:136-143.
- Pitcher, T. J., and J. R. Turner. 1986. Danger at dawn: experimental support of the twilight hypothesis in shoaling minnows. Journal of Fish Biology 29A:59-70.
- Pokrovskii, V. V. 1961 Basic environmental factors determining the abundance of whitefish. Trudy Soveshchanii 13:228-234.
- Popova, O. A., and L. A. Sytina. 1977. Food and feeding relations of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in various waters of the USSR. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1559-1570.
- Pratt, D. 1988. Distribution and population status of the ruffe in the St. Louis estuary and Lake Superior. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Superior Committee. ?? pp.
- Pratt, D. M., W. H. Blust, and J. H. Selgeby. 1992. Ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus: Newly introduced in North America. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49:1616-1618.
- Rab, P. P. Roth, and B. Mayr. 1987. Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces, Percidae). Caryologica 40:307-318.
- Rundberg, H. 1977. Trends in harvests of pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca), Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and northern pike (Esox lucius) and associated environmental changes in Lakes Malaren and Hjalmaren, 1914—1974. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1720-1724.
- Ryder, R. A., and S. R. Kerr. 1978. The adult walleye in the percid community — A niche definition based on feeding behaviour and food specificity. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 11:39-51.
- Salojarvi, K., and P. Ekholm. 1990. Predicting the efficiency of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.) stocking from pre-stocking catch statistics. pp. 112–126. in W. L. T. van Densen, B. Steinmetz, and R. H. Hughes [eds.]. Management of freshwater fisheries. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Samokhvalova, L. K. 1982. Osobennosti pitaniya sudaka v kurshskom zalive Baltijskogo Morya v osennij period. pp. 67–74. In Pitanie I pishchevye otnosheniya ryb I bespozvonochnykh Atlantis-cheskogo Okeana. Atlantniro. Kaliningrad.
- Sanchez Sanjose, B. 1984. Further contribution to the growth of the ruffe, Acerina cernua (Pisces: Perciformes). Vestn. cs. Spolec. zool. 48:215-222.
- Sandlund, O. T., T. F. Naesje, L. Klyke, and T. Lindem. 1985. The vertical distribution of fish species in Lake Mjosa, Norway as shown by gillnet catches and echo sounder. Institute of Freshwater Research — Drottningholm. 62:136-149.
- Selgeby, J. H., and D. H. Ogle. 1991. Trophic relations of ruffe and the status of ongoing research in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1990. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Superior Committee. 15 pp.
- Selgeby, J. H., and D. H. Ogle. 1992. Trophic relations of ruffe and the status of ongoing research in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1991. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Superior Committee. 10 pp.
- Shamardina, I. P. 1967. Feeding of some fishes in Lake Glubokoe. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 7:1041-1053. [In Russian].
- Shilenkova, A. K. 1962. Some data on the systematics and biology of the ruffe of Lake Bol'shoy Dzhalangash. Uch. zap. Karagandinsk. ped. inst., 111(2):???-???. [In Russian].
- Shmidtov, A. I., and V. V. Varfolomeyev. 1952. The importance of the ruffe in the fish industry and its morphobiological characteristics in the Lower Kama and the Middle Volga. Uch. zap. Karazansk. gos. univ., 112(7):???-???. [In Russian].
- Simon, T. P., and J. T. Vondruska. 1991. Larval identification of the ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior drainage basin, Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:436-442.
- Slade, J., and K. Kindt. 1992. Surveillance for ruffe in the upper Great Lakes, 1992. Completion report. USFWS- Fishery Resources Office, Ashland Wisconsin. 8 pp.
- Sokolov, L. I., and V. P. Vasil'ev. 1989. Acipenser ruthens Linnaeus, 1758. pp. 227–262. In J. Holcik [ed.] The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1 (pt 2). AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
- Sterner, E. 1916. Die niederelbische Kustenfischerei. Die Sturenfischerei. Fischerbote. 8:311-314. [In German] [not in Biolib]
- Steinmetz, B. 1990. Fisheries management of the Twenthe Canals, The Netherlands. pp. 357–364. in W. L. T. van Densen, B. Steinmetz, and R. H. Hughes [eds.]. Management of freshwater fisheries. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Steinmetz, B., E. H. R. R. Lammens, and W. L. T. Van Densen. 1990. Management problems with the different allocation of fishing rights to sport and commercial fishermen in the Frisian Lakes, the Netherlands. pp. 365–371. in W. L. T. van Densen, B. Steinmetz, and R. H. Hughes [eds.]. Management of freshwater fisheries. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Sterligova, O. P., and S. A. Pavlovskiy. 1984. Consumption of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, eggs by ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua, and invertebrates. Journal of Ichthyology 25:166-169.
- Swennen, C., H. J. L. Heessen, and A. W. M. Hocker. 1979. Occurrence and biology of the trematodes Cotylurus (Ichthyocotylurus) erraticus, C. (I.) variegatus and C. (I.) platycephalus (Digenea: Strigeidae) in the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 13:61-191.
- Swenson, W. A. 1977. Food consumption of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) in relations to food availability and physical conditions in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, Shagawa Lake, and western Lake Superior. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1643-1654.
- Szabo, A., J. Nemcsok, P. Kasa, and D. Budai. 1991. Comparative study of acetylcholine synthesis in organs of freshwater teleosts. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 9:93-99.
- Talhelm, D. R. 1988. Economics of Great Lakes fisheries: a 1985 assessment. Technical report 54. Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
- Taylor, J. N., W. R. Courtenay Jr., and J. A. McCann. 1984. Known impacts of exotic fishes in the continental United States. pp. 322–373. In Courtenay, W. R., Jr., and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. [eds.] Distribution, biology, and management of exotic species. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD.
- Thomas, K., and F. Ollevier. 1992. Paratenic hosts of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 13:165-174.
- Thulin, J., J. Hoglund, and E. Lindesjoo. 1988. Diseases and parasites of fish in a bleached kraft mill effluent. Water Science and Technology 20(2):179-180.
- Titova, V. F. 1973. The Syamozero whitefish. Petrozavodsk, Karelia. 97 pp. [In Russian]
- Titova, V. F., and O. P. Sterligova. 1977. Ichthyofauna. pp. 125–185 In Syamozero and prospects of its utilization in fish farming. [In Russian]
- Travkina, G. L. 1971. Use of quantitative assessment to characterize the state of fish ovaries. Journal of Ichthyology 11:120-123.
- Valtonen, E. T., M. Prost, and R. Rahkonen. 1990. Seasonality of two gill monogeneans from two freshwater fish from an oligotrophic lake in Northeast Finland. International Journal of Parasitology 20:101-107.
- Van Densen, W. L. T. 1985. Feeding behaviour of major 0+ fish species in a shallow, eutrophic lake. Z. Angnew. Ichthyol. 2:49-70.
- Van Densen, W. L. T., W. G. Cazemier, W. Dekker, and H. G. J. Oudelaar. 1990. Management of the fish stocks in Lake IJssel, The Netherlands. pp. 313–327. in W. L. T. van Densen, B. Steinmetz, and R. H. Hughes [eds.]. Management of freshwater fisheries. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Van Dobben, W. H. 1952. The food of the cormorant in the Netherlands. Ardea 40:1-63.
- Van Netten, S. M. 1991. Hydrodynamics of the excitation of the cupula in the fish canal lateral line. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89:310-319.
- Vollestad, L. A. 1986. Habitat use, growth, and feeding of pike (Esox lucius L.) in four Norwegian lakes. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 108:107-117.
- Von Bekesy, G. 1967. Some similarities in sensory perception of fish and man. pp. 417–435. in P. Cahn [editor]. Lateral Line Detectors. Indiana University Press.
- Webb, P. W., and J. M. Skadsen. 1980. Strike tactics of Esox. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:1462-1469.
- Weissenberg, R. 1965. Fifty years of research on the lymphocystis virus disease of fishes (1914—1964). Annals of the New York Academy of Science. 126:362-374.
- Westin, L., and G. Aneer. 1987. Locomotor activity patterns of nineteen fish and five crustacean species from the Baltic Sea. Environmental Biology of Fishes 20:49-65.
- Wheeler, A. 1974. Changes in the freshwater fauna of Britain. pp. 157–178. In D. L. Hawksworth [ed.] The changing flora and fauna of Britain. Academic Press. London and New York.
- Wiley, E. O. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the Percidae (Teleostei: Perciformes): A preliminary hypothesis. pp. 247–267. In R. L. Mayden [ed.] Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
- Willemsen, J. J. 1968. Helminth and sporozoan parasites of fishes in the Netherlands. Bulletin of the Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam 1:83-87.
- Willemsen, J. 1977. Population dynamics of Percids in Lake IJssel and some smaller lakes in the Netherlands. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 34:1710-1719.
- Winfield, I. J. 1992. Threats to the lake fish communities of the U.K. arising from eutrophication and species introductions. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42:233-242.
- Witkowski, A. and M. Kolacz. 1990. Geographic and ecological variability of Gymnocephalus cernuus from Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw). 33:149-178. [In Polish, with English and Russian summaries].
- Wootten, R. 1974. The spatial distribution of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium on the gills of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua and it relation to the relative amounts of water passing over the parts of the gills. Journal of Helminthology 48:167-174.
- Wubbels, R. J. 1991. Phase reversal in the lateral line of the ruff (Acerina cernua) as cue for directional sensitivity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A) 100:571-573.
- Wunder, W. 1930. Bau und funktion der netzhaut beim Zander (Lucioperca sandra Cub. und Val.) und einigen anderen im Balatonsee haufigen fischarten. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 11:749-766. [In German].
der, W. 1930. Bau und funktion der netzhaut beim Zander (Lucioperca sandra Cub. und Val.) und einigen anderen im Balatonsee haufigen fischarten. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 11:749-766. [In German].
- Zadorozhnaya, Y. A. 1978. The seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the feeding of the white bream, Blicca bjoerkna, from Mozhaysk Reservoir. Journal of Ichthyology 18:765-775.
- Zyznar, E. S., and M. A. Ali. 1975. An interpretive study of the organization of the visual cells and tapetum lucidum of Stizostedion. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:180-196.
Вікіпедія, Українська, Україна, книга, книги, бібліотека, стаття, читати, завантажити, безкоштовно, безкоштовно завантажити, mp3, відео, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, малюнок, музика, пісня, фільм, книга, гра, ігри, мобільний, телефон, android, ios, apple, мобільний телефон, samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, ПК, web, Інтернет
Cya stattya mistit perelik posilan ale pohodzhennya tverdzhen u nij zalishayetsya nezrozumilim cherez praktichno povnu vidsutnist vnutrishnotekstovih dzherel vinosok Bud laska dopomozhit polipshiti cyu stattyu peretvorivshi dzherela z pereliku posilan na dzherela vinoski u samomu teksti statti Jorzh zvichajnij Jorzh zvichajnij Gymnocephalus cernua Ohoronnij status Najmenshij rizik MSOP 3 1 Biologichna klasifikaciya Domen Yaderni Eukaryota Carstvo Tvarini Animalia Pidcarstvo Spravzhni bagatoklitinni Eumetazoa Tip Hordovi Chordata Pidtip Cherepni Craniata Nadklas Shelepni Gnathostomata Klas Promeneperi Actinopterygii Pidklas Novoperi Neopterygii Infraklas Kostisti ribi Teleostei Ryad Okunepodibni Perciformes Pidryad Okunevidni Percoidei Rodina Okunevi Percidae Rid Jorzh Gymnocephalus Vid Jorzh zvichajnij Binomialna nazva Gymnocephalus cernua Linnaeus 1758 Poshirennya jorzha zvichajnogo v Yevraziyi Posilannya Vikishovishe Gymnocephalus cernuus Vikividi Gymnocephalus cernuus EOL 203972 ITIS 168520 MSOP 9568 NCBI 57865 Jorzh zvichajnij Gymnocephalus cernua nevelika riba z rodini okunevih tipovij vid rodu Jorzh RozpovsyudzhennyaJorzh zvichajnij ye najbilsh shiroko rozpovsyudzhenim z p yati vidiv jorzhiv jogo prirodnij areal vklyuchaye pivnichnu ta shidnu chastinu Franciyi shidnu chastinu Angliyi richki basejnu Baltijskogo morya centralnu ta shidnu Yevropu ta pivnichnu Aziyu azh do basejnu Kolimi U drugij polovini HH storichchya jorzh z yavivsya v kilkoh vodojmah Yevropi za mezhami svogo prirodnogo arealu v ozeri Loh Lomond v Shotlandiyi v ozerah Italiyi ozeri Norvegiya v Kamarzi delta Roni seredzemnomorske uzberezhzhya Franciyi comu rozpovsyudzhennyu yak vvazhayut spriyalo budivnictvo kanaliv ta shiroke vikoristannya jorzha yak nazhivki u sportivnomu lovi shuki Na dodatok u seredini visimdesyatih rokiv HH storichchya jorzh buv vipadkovo introdukovanij imovirno z balastnoyu vodoyu suden do richki SShA sho vpadaye do ozera Verhnye sistema Velikih Ozer Tut utvorilas stala populyaciya kotra na pochatku 90 h rokiv poshirilasya na deltovi dilyanki kilkoh inshih richok sho vpadayut v ozero Verhnye Takozh jorzha znajshli i v ozeri Guron V Ukrayini jorzh zvichajnij zustrichayetsya po vsij teritoriyi okrim Krimu Zovnishnya budovaSpina ribi siro zelena z chornimi plyamami ta krapkami boki zhovtuvati cherevo svitlo sire abo bile Spinnij ta hvostovij plavci z chornimi cyatkami Zagalom zabarvlennya ciyeyi ribi zalezhit vid navkolishnogo seredovisha jorzh svitlishij v richkah ta ozerah z pishanim dnom i temnishij u vodojmah de dno namuliste Ochi jorzha kalamutno rozhevi inodi navit z sinoyu rajduzhkoyu Zvichajna dovzhina 8 12 sm masa 15 25 g Inodi zustrichayutsya ekzemplyari dovzhinoyu bilsh nizh 20 sm ta masoyu 100 g i navit bilshe Veliki ekzemplyari jorzha vidomi z basejnu Obi Obskoyi gubi ta deyakih uralskih ozer Doslidniki vidilyayut dekilka morfotipiv jorzha Zokrema na riznih dilyankah Dnipra isnuyut populyaciyi hudogo ta visokotilogo jorzha Stijki rozbizhnosti budovi tila sposterigayutsya takozh mizh priberezhnimi ta glibokovodnimi populyaciyami jorzha u velikih vodojmah napriklad u dniprovskih vodoshovishah Dlya takih populyacij harakterni rozbizhnosti v chisli promeniv ta kolyuchok v spinnomu plavci chisli lusok nad ta pid bichnoyu liniyeyu chisli kolyuchok na zyabrovih plastinah hrebciv v hrebti ta u vidnosnij velichini golovi rilcya ochej ta plavciv Na dodatok do riznih morfotipiv v Yevraziyi isnuye takozh i geografichnij gradiyent anatomichnoyi budovi jorzhiv vid menshih znachen na zahodi arealu Yevropa do bilshih znachen na shodi Sibir v nastupnih anatomichnih detalyah maksimalna ta minimalna visota tila predorsalna ta preanalna vidstan visota pershogo spinnogo plavcya dovzhina ta visota analnogo plavcya ta dovzhina cherevnih plavciv Statevij dimorfizm u jorzhiv ne duzhe pomitnij ale viyavlyayetsya v kilkoh anatomichnih harakteristikah visota tila dovzhina verhnoyi polovini hvostovogo plavcya dovzhina grudnih plavciv ta velichina oka vse ce bilshe u samciv anizh u samok GenetikaJorzh zvichajnij maye 2n 48 hromosom i mozhe gibridizuvatis z okunem zvichajnim ta jorzhem dunajskim Pri gibridizaciyi jorzha zvichajnogo iz okunem zvichajnim gibridi mayut promizhni risi budovi batkivskih form ale zvichajno za zovnishnim viglyadom blizhchi do materinskogo vidu anizh do batkivskogo Taki gibridi rostut shvidshe za jorzha ta okunya ta ye bilsh pristosovanimi do nespriyatlivih znachen temperaturi zabrudnennya vodi krashe perenosyat goloduvannya Pri comu gibridi cholovichoyi stati ye sterilnimi ne mozhut davati nashadkiv a gibridi zhinochoyi stati mozhut davati potomstvo z cholovichimi osobinami yak jorzha tak i okunya Gibridi jorzha zvichajnogo ta jorzha dunajskogo takozh mayut zabarvlennya ta harakteristiki skeletu sho ye promizhnimi vidnosno batkivskih vidiv ale shodo yihnogo rozmnozhennya dostovirnih vidomostej narazi nemaye Rozpovsyudzhennya jorzha zvichajnogo v Pivnichnij AmericiSposib zhittyaJorzh ye duzhe nevibaglivim zazvichaj zgrajnim vidom i dobre pochuvaye sebe v shirokomu spektri umov navkolishnogo seredovisha Jogo mozhna znajti yak v prisnih tak i v solonuvatovodnih vodojmah z pokaznikom solonosti do 10 12 v sistemah ozernogo ta protochnogo tipu na glibinah vid 0 25 do 85 metriv na rivni morya ta v girskih arealah ta vid oligotrofnih do evtrofnih vod kritichni znachennya temperaturi vodi dlya vizhivannya jorzha ce 0 2 S ta 34 5 C Ale nezvazhayuchi na takij shirokij spektr prijnyatnih umov zagalom mozhut buti vidileni tri osnovni risi misc pomeshkannya cogo vidu Idealnimi umovami dlya ciyeyi ribi ye tihoplinni vodojmi z m yakim dnom ne vkritim vodyanoyu roslinnistyu zvichajno shilnist populyaciyi jorzha zrostaye razom zi zrostannyam pokaznika evtrofikaciyi M yakodonni dilyanki ye privablivishimi dlya jorzha z oglyadu na te sho perevazhna bilshist ob yektiv jogo harchuvannya voditsya same v takih miscyah a takozh tomu sho taki dilyanki zazvichaj asocijovani z vidnosno glibokimi ta zatinenimi chastinami vodojm tak yak vsi vidi rodu Jorzh mayut fiziologichni adaptaciyi sho spriyayut pristosuvannyu do zhittya v umovah maloyi kilkosti svitla Na vidminu vid reshti predstavnikiv rodini Okunevih shilnist populyacij yakih ye maksimalnoyu pri serednih pokaznikah evtrofikaciyi vodojmi v mezevtrofnih umovah jorzh dosyagaye maksimumu chiselnosti v evtrofnih ta giperevtrofnih umovah chiselnist jorzha zrostaye pri nadhodzhenni mineralnih ta organichnih dobriv antropogennogo pohodzhennya azh do takih yihnih znachen kotrih majzhe niyaki inshi vidi rib ne vitrimuyut Dlya poyasnennya pozitivnoyi korelyaciyi mizh rivnem evtrofikaciyi vodojmi ta chiselnistyu jorzha isnuyut chotiri osnovni gipotezi 1 Zhivlennya jorzha prohodit bilsh efektivno v umovah slabkogo osvitlennya yaki pritamanni situaciyi spalahu chiselnosti vodorostej sho provokovanij evtrofikaciyeyu vodojmi 2 Kilkist ta riznomanittya bentosnih organizmiv sho ye osnovnoyu harchovoyu bazoyu jorzha mozhut pidvishuvatis osoblivo sho stosuyetsya dribnih vidiv u vidpovid do pidvishennya nadhodzhennya organichnih rechovin z kilkist yakih zrostaye pri evtrofikaciyi 3 Pidvishennya bioproduktivnosti vodojmi na pochatku procesu evtrofikaciyi mozhe zmenshuvati navantazhennya hizhakiv na populyaciyu jorzha za rahunok chastkovogo pereoriyentuvannya yih na inshi vidi a pri dosyagnenni giperevtrofnih umov zavdyaki zmenshennyu populyaciyi hizhakiv sprichinenomu toksichnim vplivom evtrofikuyuchih rechovin 4 I nareshti jorzh mozhe fiziologichno buti pristosovanim do giperevtrofnih umov krashe za inshi vidi RozmnozhennyaJorzh zvichajnij Statevoyi zrilosti jorzh zvichajno dosyagaye u vici 2 3 roki pri rozmirah tila blizko 11 12 santimetriv v deyakih vodojmah jorzhi mozhut pochinati rozmnozhuvatis i u vici odnogo roku sho doslidniki poyasnyuyut vplivom teplishoyi v serednomu vodi abo visokim rivnem zagibeli na rannih stadiyah zhittya v danij populyaciyi Ikru cej vid vidkladaye na duzhe shirokij spektr substrativ na glibini 3 metri ta menshe pri comu yiyi ne ohoronyayuchi Nerest vidbuvayetsya z seredini kvitnya do chervnya u dosit shirokomu diapazoni temperatur vidomi vipadki nerestu yak pri 6 C tak i pri 18 C Interval znachen rN pri yakih ikra jorzha zdatna normalno rozvivatis ye odnim z najbilshim sered rib dlya yakih doslidzhuvavsya danij parametr i lezhit mizh znachennyami 6 5 ta 10 5 Jorzh mozhe vidkladati 2 3 kladki ikri pid chas odnogo aktu nerestu kilkist ikrinok zalezhit vid rozmiriv samici ta stanovit vid 10 do 200 tisyach shtuk Diametr ikrinok takozh korelyuye z rozmirami samici i znahoditsya v intervali 0 34 1 3 mm pri comu ikrinki pershoyi kladki zavzhdi bilshi ta zhovtishi porivnyano iz drugoyu ta tretoyu Rozvitok ikri trivaye 5 12 dib pri temperaturi vid 10 do 15 C U dekilkoh populyaciyah u jorzha reyestruvalis vipadki germafroditizmu Napriklad u Finskij zatoci Baltijskogo morya v gonadah statevih zalozah priblizno 25 vsih obstezhenih zvichajnih jorzhiv mistilis yak spermatozoyidi tak i yajceklitini pri comu 85 cih rib mali gonadi cholovichogo tipu Blizko polovini cih germafroditiv funkcionuvali yak normalni samci dlya inshoyi polovini sho funkcionuvali yak samki plodyuchist variyuvala vid normalnih znachen do povnoyi sterilnosti i lishe 2 germafroditnih rib mogli funkcionuvati popereminno i yak samci i yak samki Nayavnist velikoyi kilkosti takih interseksualnih rib tim ne menshe ne zminyuvala znachennya produktivnosti danoyi obstezhenoyi populyaciyi porivnyano z inshimi Zhittyevij ciklJorzh zvichajnij v richci Pyarnu Estoniya U bilshosti vipadkiv doslidniki viznachayut vik jorzha za kilkistyu kil narostannya na luskah takozh inodi yak vikovij indikator vikoristovuyetsya kilkist shariv v Samki jorzha mozhut dosyagati yak maksimum viku v 11 rokiv ale samici zagalom ne perezhivayut semirichnogo viku pri comu v prirodnih populyaciyah do 93 skladayut ribi vikom 1 3 roki Na pochatku zhittya malki jorzha zhivlyatsya perevazhno kolovertkami ta lichinkami kopepod dlya jorzhiv dovzhinoyu bilsh nizh 1 sm osnovnim harchovim resursom stayut ciklopi lichinki hironomid ta gilchastovusi rachki Najbilsh spozhivanimi rodami hironomid ye Chironomus osoblivo vid Chironomus plumosus ta Procladius Z chasom po miri zrostannya dolya hironomid v racioni jorzha zmenshuyetsya Osnovnim trofichnim resursom doroslogo jorzha ye riznomanitni v osnovnomu bentosni chervi dribni rakopodibni ta p yavki Jorzhi sho buli vidlovleni v solonuvatovodnih vodojmah abo na velikih glibinah 30 metriv ta bilshe takozh viyavilis aktivnimi spozhivachami makroskopichnih rakopodibnih takih yak Pallasea quadrispinosa Pontoporeia affinis Mysis relicta Neomysis integer Diaporeia affinis ta Gammarus spp Jorzhi aktivno zhivlyatsya protyagom vsogo roku hocha piznoyi oseni i vzimku ne v takih ob yemah yak vlitku Golovnim organom chuttya sho vikoristovuye jorzh pri poshuku zdobichi ye bokova liniya Pri comu navit zasliplenij jorzh mozhe znahoditi neruhomu zdobich oriyentuyuchis vinyatkovo zavdyaki comu organu chuttya Tim ne menshe pri harchuvanni protyagom svitloyi chastini dobi jorzh takozh aktivno vikoristovuye i zir Osnovnimi trofichnimi konkurentami jorzha v Yevropi ta Aziyi ye inshi ribi taki yak lyash velika plitka osetrovi okun vugor ta inshi Najzhorstkisha mizhvidova konkurenciya sposterigayetsya mizh jorzhem ta okunem z oglyadu na te sho nabori ob yektiv zhivlennya molodogo okunya ta jorzha majzhe povnistyu perekrivayutsya Oznakoyu togo sho u jorzha isnuye i vnutrishnovidova konkurenciya za harchovi resursi ye sposterezhennya sho pri zbilshenni shilnosti populyaciyi jorzha tempi zrostannya rib v nij znachno znizhuyutsya Prirodnimi vorogami jorzha sho mozhut v znachnih ob yemah yih poyidati ye sudak shuka velikij okun takozh u nevelikij kilkosti jorzha spozhivayut min vugor som ta lososi Zridka sposterigalis i vipadki kanibalizmu Okrim togo jorzhiv aktivno lovlyat baklani rizni vidi chapel nevelikih osobin ribalochka kreh malij ta kreh velikij Div takozhNosar Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus Jorzh dunajskij Jorzh smugastijDzherelaAdams C E 1991 Shift in pike Esox lucius L predation pressure following the introduction of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L to Loch Lomond Journal of Fish Biology 38 663 667 Adams C E and R Tippett 1991 Powan Coregonus lavaretus L ova predation by newly introduced ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L in Loch Lomond Scotland Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 22 239 246 Ahlbert I B 1970 The organization of the cone cells in the retinae of four teleosts with different feeding habits Perca fluviatilis L Lucioperca lucioperca L Acerina cernua L and Coregonus albula L Arkiv for Zoologi 22 11 445 481 Alarotu H 1944 Untersuchungen uber die an fischen in Finnland lebenden monogenetischen trematoden Acta Zoologica Fennica 43 5 52 In German Aleksandrova A I 1974 A morphological and ecological description of the ruffe Acerina cernua of the middle reaches of the Dnieper Journal of Ichthyology 14 53 59 Ali M A and M Anctil 1968 Correlation entre la structure retinienne et l habitat chez Stizostedion vitreum vitreum et S canadense Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 25 2001 2003 in French with English summary Ali M A R A Ryder and M Anctil 1977 Photoreceptors and visual pigments as related to behavioural responses and preferred habitats of perches Perca spp and pikeperches Stizostedion spp Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1475 1480 Anttila R 1973 Effects of sewage on the fish fauna in the Helsinki area Oikos Supplementum 15 226 229 Appelberg M 1990 Population regulation of the crayfish Astacus astacus L after liming an oligotrophic low alkaline forest lake Limnologica 20 319 327 Bagge P and L Hakkari 1982 The food and parasites of fish in some deep basins of northern L Paijanne Hydrobiologia 86 61 65 Bagge P and L Hakkari 1985 Fish fauna of stony shores of Lake Saimaa Southeastern Finland before and during the floods 1980 1982 Aqua Fennica 15 237 244 Bakanov A I V I Kiyashko M M Smetanin and A S Strel nikov 1987 Factors affecting fish growth Journal of Ichthyology 27 5 124 132 Balagurova M V 1963 The biological basis for rational regulation of fishery on Syam group lakes Karelya Academy of Science Press Moscow Leningrad 88 pp Balon E K W T Momot and H A Regier 1977 Reproductive guilds of percids results of the paleological history and ecological succession Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1910 1921 Bast H H Winkler and W Hahn 1983 Remarks on the biology and importance of the porcupine fish Gymnocephalus cernua in the chain of shallow waters Fischerei Forschung 21 4 34 38 In German Bastl I 1988 On the reproduction biology of three Gymnocephalus species Pisces Percae Prace Ustavu Rybar Hydrobiol 6 9 31 Berg L S 1949 Freshwater fishes of the U S S R and adjacent countries Vol III 4th ed Acad Sci Moscow U S S R translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1965 Bergman E 1987 Temperature dependent differences in foraging ability of two percids Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus Environmental Biology of Fishes 19 45 53 Bergman E 1988 Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua under different environmental conditions Journal of Animal Ecology 57 443 453 Bergman E 1990a Distribution and competitive abilities of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus along environmental gradients Ph D dissertation Lund University Lund Sweden 83 p Bergman E 1990b Effects of roach Rutilus rutilus on two percids Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua importance of species interactions for diet shifts Oikos 57 241 249 Bergman E 1991 Changes in abundance of two percids Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus along a productivity gradient Relations to feeding strategies and competitive abilities Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48 536 545 Bergman E and L A Greenberg 1994 Competition between a planktivore a benthivore and a species with ontogenetic diet shifts Ecology 75 1233 1245 Berka R 1990 Inland capture fisheries of the USSR FAO Technical Paper 311 Biliy M D 1967 Morphological characters of ruffe from the Dneiper and Kakhovka reservoir Dopov AN USSR No 2 ser B in Ukrainian Bills T D D A Johnson and J H Selgeby 1992 Effect of a lampricide treatment on ruffe and other nontarget fish in the Brule River Brule Wisconsin Phase 2 Special report National Fisheries Research Center La Crosse Wisconsin Biro P 1971 Growth investigation of ruffe Acerina cernua L in Lake Balaton Ann Biol Inst Tihany 38 131 142 Biro P 1977 Effects of exploitation introductions and eutrophication on percids in Lake Balaton Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1678 1683 Boikova O S 1986 Feeding of fish in Lake Glubokoe USSR Decrease in perch and ruff Hydrobiologica 141 95 112 Bonar A 1977 Relations between exploitation yield and community structure in Polish pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca lakes 1966 1971 Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1576 1580 Boron S and B Kuklinska 1987 Food of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L and Gudgeon Gobio gobio in Wloclawek Dam Reservoir Acta Ichthyologica et piscatoria 17 1 59 76 Bozhko S I B Meszaros and E Toth 1978 The karyological studies on some species of Percidae Acta Biol Iugosl E Ichthyology Ichthyologia 10 17 28 Busiahn T R 1993 Can the ruffe be contained before it becomes YOUR problem Fisheries Bethesda 18 8 22 23 Butskaya N A 1976 On the large scale intersexuality of the ruffe Acerina cernua of the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland Journal of Ichthyology 16 737 745 Butskaya N A 1980 The role of temperature and photoperiod in the sexual cycle of the ruffe Acerina cernua Journal of Ichthyology 20 73 81 Butskaya N A 1985 Analysis of the productivity of spermatogenesis in different periods of the sexual cycle of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Journal of Ichthyology 25 44 51 Bykhovskaya Pavlovskaya I E A V Gusev M N Dubinina N A Izyumova T S Smirnova I L Sokolovskaya G A Shtein S S Shul man and V M Epshtein 1964 Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U S S R Translated from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations 919 pp Cacutt L 1979 British Freshwater Fishes The Story of their Evolution Croon Helm London 202 pp Christie W J G R Spangler K H Loftus W L Hartman P J Colby M A Ross and D R Talhelm A perspective on Great Lakes fish community rehabilitation Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44 suppl II 486 499 Coble D W 1990 Lake trout sea lampreys and overfishing in the Upper Great Lakes A review and reanalysis Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119 985 995 Coburn M M and J I Gaglione 1992 A comparative study of percid scales Teleostei Perciformes Copeia 1992 986 1001 Coffman W P 1978 Chironomidae pages 345 376 In R W Merritt and K W Cummins eds An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America Kendall Hunt Dubuque Iowa Collette B B 1963 The subfamilies tribes and genera of the Percidae Teleostei Copeia 1963 615 623 Collette B B and P Banarescu 1977 Systematics and zoogeography of the fishes of the family Percidae Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1450 1463 Craig J F 1987 The biology of perch and related fish Timber Press Portland 333 pp Danil chenko O P 1982 A comparison of the reaction of fish embryos and prolarvae to certain natural factors and synthesized compounds Journal of Ichthyology 22 1 123 134 Danil chenko O P and N S Stroganov 1975 Evaluation of toxicity to the early ontogeny of fishes of substances discharged into a body of water Journal of Ichthyology 15 311 319 de Nie H W 1987 Food feeding periodicity and consumption of the eel Anguilla anguilla L in the shallow eutrophic Tjeukemeer The Netherlands Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 109 421 443 Deelder C L and J Willemsen 1964 Synopsis of biological data on pike perch Lucioperca lucioperca Linnaeus 1758 FAO Fisheries Synopsis no 28 34 pp Denton E J and J A B Gray 1988 Mechanical factors in the excitation of the lateral lines of fishes pp 595 617 in J Atema R R Fay A N Popper and W N Tavolga eds Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals Denton E J and J A B Gray 1989 Some observations on the forces acting on neuromasts in fish lateral line canals pp 229 246 in S Coombs P Gorner and H Munz eds The Mechanosensory Lateral Line Neurobiology and Evolution Springer Verlag NY Dijkgraaf S 1934 Untersuchungen uber die funktion der seitenorgane an fischen Z Vergleich Physiol 20 162 214 Disler N N 1960 Lateral line sense organs and their importance in fish behavior Izdatel stvo Akademii Nauk SSR Moscow U S S R translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1971 Disler N N and S A Smirnov 1977 Sensory organs of the lateral line canal system in two percids and their importance in behavior Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1492 1503 Doornbos G 1979 Winter food habits of smew Mergus albellus L on Lake Yssel The Netherlands Species and size selection in relation to fish stocks Ardea 67 42 48 Duncan A 1990 A review limnological management and biomanipulation in the London reservoirs Hydrobiologia 200 201 541 548 Dykova I and J Lom 1978 Histopathological changes in fish gills infected with myxosporidian parasites of the genus Henneguya Journal of Fish Biology 12 197 202 Edsall T A J H Selgeby T J DeSorcie and J R P French III 1993 Growth temperature relation for young of the year ruffe Journal of Great Lakes Research 19 630 633 Eklov P and S F Hamrin 1989 Predatory efficiency and prey selection interactions between pike Esox lucius perch Perca fluviatilis and rudd Scardinus erythrophthalmus Oikos 56 149 156 Elshoud Odenhave M J W and J W M Osse 1976 Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua L 1758 Teleostei Percidae Journal of Morphology 150 399 422 Entz B 1977 Environmental conditions of percid waters in central Europe Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1586 1591 Faulkner M 1989 The application of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to the taxonomic identification of the total body protein band profiles of Diplostomum spp metacercaria Digenea parasites of fish eyes Electrophoresis 10 4 260 264 Fedorova G V 1974 The biology and abundance of the pike perch in Lake Ilmen 1968 1970 Izv Gos N i in ta ozern I rechn rybn kh va 86 In Russian Fedorova G V and S A Vetkasov 1974 Biological characteristics and abundance of Lake Ilmen ruffe Journal of Ichthyology 13 943 946 Flock A 1967 Ultrastructure and function in the lateral line organs pp 163 197 in P Cahn editor Lateral Line Detectors Indiana University Press Ford J B 1962 The vertical distribution of larval Chironomidae Dipt in the mud of a stream Hydrobiologia 19 262 272 French J R P and T A Edsall 1992 Morphology of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus protolarvae from the St Louis River Lake Superior Journal of Freshwater Ecology 7 59 68 Fry F E J 1953 The 1944 year class of lake trout in South Bay Lake Huron Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 82 178 192 Goldspink C R and J W Banks 1975 A description of the Tjeukemeer fishery together with a note upon the yield statistics between 1964 and 1970 Journal of Fish Biology 7 687 708 Gray J A B and A C G Best 1989 Patterns of excitation of the lateral line of the ruffe Journal of the Marine Biology Association U K 69 289 306 Haenen O L M and P Van Banning 1990 Detection of larvae of Anguillicola crassus an Eel swimbladder Nematode in freshwater fish species Aquaculture 87 103 109 Hallett C 1977 Contribution to the study of the diet of the kingfisher Alcedo atthis in the Lesse Valley Aves 14 2 128 144 Hanski K 1977 The nutrition of the ruff Gymnocephalus cernua L in the Bothnian Bay Kalamies 1977 1 3 In Finnish with an English summary Hansson S 1984 Competition as a factor regulating the geographical distribution of fish species in a Baltic archipelago a neutral model analysis Journal of Biogeography 11 367 381 Hansson S 1985 Effects of eutrophication on fish communities with special reference to the Baltic Sea a literature review Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 62 36 56 Hansson S 1987 Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on coastal fish communities in the Gulf of Bothnia Baltic Sea Ambio 16 344 348 Harder W 1975 Anatomy of fishes Hans Richarz Publikations Service 5205 Sankt Augustin 351 pp Hartman J and W Numann 1977 Percids of Lake Constance a lake under eutrophication Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1670 1677 Heinonen P and P Falck 1971 The effect of waste water on fish Aqua Fennica 11 105 110 Hilsenhoff W L 1966 The biology of Chironomus plumosus Diptera Chironomidae in Lake Winnebago Wisconsin Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59 465 473 Hoglund J and K Thomas 1992 The black goby Gobius niger as a potential paratenic host for the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus in a thermal effluent of the Baltic Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 13 175 180 Hokanson K E F 1977 Temperature requirements of some percids and adaptations to the seasonal temperature cycle Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1524 1550 Holcik J and K Hensel 1974 A new species of Gymnocephalus from the Danube with remarks on the genus Copeia 1974 471 486 Holcik J and J Mihalik 1968 Freshwater fishes Spring Books London 126 pp Holcik J P Banarescu and D Evans 1989 General introduction to fishes pp 18 147 In J Holcik ed The freshwater fishes of Europe Vol 1 pt 2 AULA Verlag Wiesbaden Holker F and C Hammer 1994 Growth and food of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L in the Elbe Estuary Archives of Fisheries and Marine Research 42 47 62 Biolib 1819 Ivanova M N 1969 Nutritive rations and food coefficients of predatory fishes in Rybinsk reservoir Translations of the United States Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife no 72 12448 27 pp Izyumova N A 1958 Seasonal dynamics of the parasites of fish in the Rybinsk water reservoir Trudy Biologicheskoj Stancii Borok Moskva 3 384 398 In Russian Izyumova N A 1964 The formation of the parasitofauna of fishes in the Rybinsk reservoir pp 49 55 In R Ergens and B Rysavy Editors Parasitic Worms and Aquatic Conditions Proceedings of a Symposium Prague 29 October 2 November 1962 Czechoslovak Academy Sciences Jakubowski M 1963 Cutaneous sense organs of fishes I The lateral line organs in the stone perch Acerina cernua L Acta Biol Cracov Ser Zool 6 59 78 Jamet J L and F Desmolles 1994 Growth reproduction and condition of roach Rutilus rutilus L perch Perca fluviatilis L and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L in eutrophic Lake Aydat France Internationale Revue der Gesamaten Hydrobiologie 78 305 322 Jamet J L and N Lair 1991 An example of diel feeding cycle of two percids perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus in eutrophic Lake Aydat France Annales Des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie Paris 12 99 105 Jielof R A Spoor and H de Vries 1952 The microphonic activity of the lateral line Journal of Physiology London 116 137 Johansson L and L Persson 1986 The fish community of temperature eutrophic lakes pp 237 266 In B Riemann and M Sondergaard eds Carbon Dynamics in Eutrophic Temperate Lakes Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam The Netherlands Johnsen P 1965 Studies on the distribution and food of the ruffe Acerina cernua in Denmark with notes on other aspects Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskeri og Havundersogelser 4 137 156 Jokela J E T Valtonen and M Lappalainen 1991 Development of glochidia of Anodonta piscinalis and their infection of fish in a small lake in northern Finland Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 120 345 355 Kammerer P 1907 Hybridization of river perch Perca fluviatilis L and ruff Acerina cernua L Arch Entwicklungsmech Org Wilhelm Roux 23 511 555 translated from German by USEPA Lib BTR 76 491 Kangur K A Kangur and P Kangur 2000 Diet composition and food consumption level of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L in Lake Peipsi Proc Estonian Acad Sci Biol Ecol 49 121 135 Kashkovski V V 1982 Seasonal variations of the age composition of a population of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium Monogenea Dactylogyridae Parazitologiya 16 35 40 In Russian Kawecka B and B Szcesny 1984 Dunajec pp 499 525 In B A Whitton ed Ecology of European Rivers Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford Kiyashko V I and V M Volodin 1978 The influence on the embryonic development of the ruffe Acerina cernua of the active response of the environment Journal of Ichthyology 18 693 695 Klinkhardt M B 1990 Karyological studies in several species of freshwater fishes from brackish coastal waters of south western Baltic I The ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua L Zool Anz 224 3 4 156 164 Knowles C M 1974 Vorkommen verbreitung und biologie der haufigsten fischarten der unterelbe nter besonderer berucksichtigung der plotze Rutilus rutilus L und des kaulbarsches Acerina cernua L Biplomarbeit University of Hamburg In German Kolomin Y M 1977 The Nadym River ruffe Acerina cernua Journal of Ichthyology 17 345 349 Koshelev B V 1963 Morpho ecological peculiarities of oogeneses in related species of percoid fishes Tr Inst Morfol Zhivotn Acad Nauk Severtsova 38 189 231 Translated from Russian by U S EPA lib TR77 99 Kozlova M F and V A Panasenko 1977 Annual food consumption of bream Abramis brama and ruffe Acerina cernua populations in the Courland Lagoon Kurshskiy Zaliv Journal of Ichthyology 17 382 388 Kranz H and N Peters 1984 Melano macrophage centres in liver and spleen of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua from the Elbe estuary Helgolander Meeresunters 7 415 424 Kuderskiy L A 1966 Local populations of the ruffe in Syamozero Tr Karel sk otd Gos n i inst oz i rechn rybn khoz 4 1 Kuiper J W 1967 Frequency characteristics and functional significance of the lateral line organ pp 105 121 in P Cahn editor Lateral Line Detectors Indiana University Press Lammens E H R R W L T Densen and R Knijn 1990 The fish community structure in Tjeukemeer in relation to fishery and habitat utilization Journal of Fish Biology 36 933 945 Lawrie A H 1970 The sea lamprey in the Great Lakes Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 99 766 775 Leach J H M G Johnson J R M Kelso J Hartmann W Numann and B Entz 1977 Responses of percid fishes and their habitats to eutrophication Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1964 1971 Lelek A 1987 The freshwater fishes of Europe Threatened fishes of Europe Volume 9 AULA Verlag Wiesbaden Leopold M M Bninska and W Nowak 1986 Commercial fish catches as an index of lake eutrophication Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 106 513 524 Leszczynski L 1963 Characteristics of the feeding habits of ruffe Acerina cernua L in Kortowskie Lake Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 82B2 251 271 In Polish with English and Russian summaries and English figure captions Lieder U 1964 Uber den gegenwartigen stand und die methodik der chromosomenunter suchungern bei gischen Z Fischerei 11 673 684 Lind E A 1977 A review of pikeperch Stizostedion vitreum Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and ruff Gymnocephalus cernua in Finland Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1684 1695 Lindesjoo E and J Thulin 1990 Fin erosion of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua in a pulp mill effluent area Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 8 119 126 Logvinenko B M O P Kodolova and I B Polyanskaya 1983 Polymorphism of nonspecific esterases of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua Percidae Journal of Ichthyology 23 165 168 Maitland P S 1977 The Hamlyn guide to freshwater fishes of Britain and Europe Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd London 256 pp Maitland P S 1990 Biology of fresh waters 2nd ed Blackie and Son Ltd 276 pp Maitland P S and K East 1989 An increase in numbers of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua in a Scottish loch from 1982 to 1987 Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 20 227 228 Maitland P S K East and K H Morris 1983 Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua new to Scotland in Loch Lomond Scottish Naturalist 1983 7 9 Marshall T R 1977 Morphological physiological and ethological differences between walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum and pikeperch S lucioperca Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1515 1523 Matkovskiy A K 1987 On the methods of analysis of data on feeding of predatory fishes Regression analysis between fragments of prey organisms and their body length for the fishes of the Middle Ob Journal of Ichthyology 27 113 117 Mattila J 1992 The effect of habitat complexity on predation efficiency of perch Perca fluviatilis L and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 55 67 Mattila J and E Bonsdorff 1989 The impact of fish predation on shallow soft bottoms in brackish waters SW Finland An experimental study Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23 69 81 Mayr B M Kalat and M Lambrou 1987 Band karyotypes and specific types of heterochromatins in several species of European percid fishes Genetica 75 199 205 Mikkola H H Oksman and P Shemeikka 1979 Experimental study of mortality in vendace and whitefish eggs through predation by bottom fauna and fish Aqua Fennica 9 68 72 Mills C A and A Eloranta 1985 The biology of Phoxinus phoxinus and other littoral zone fishes in Lake Konnevesi central Finland Ann Zool Fennici 22 1 12 Moller H K Anders M Fiedler G Costa B Dieckwisch S Klatt H Luchtenberg C Pohl K Ronnau S Schroder and M Voigt 1988 Fischbestande und fischkrankheiten in der Unter Elbe 1984 1986 Kiel Moller 1988 344 pp In German Nagiec M 1977 Pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca in its natural habitats in Poland Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1581 1585 Nagy S 1985 The food of three sympatric species of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus G schraetser and G baloni in the side arms of the Danube at Baka Prace Ustavu Rybarstva a Hydrobiologie 5 101 138 Nagy S 1986 The food preference of ruffe species Gymnocephalus cernuus Gymnocephalus schraetser and Gymnocephalus baloni in the Baciansky Branch System of the Danube Zivocisna Vyroba 31 937 943 Nagy S 1988 Summer diet of dominant fish species in the Zofin Branch of the Danube Prace Ustavu Rybarstva a Hydrobiologie 6 59 79 Neja Z 1988 On some problems of reproduction of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus L 1758 in the Lake Dabie Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 18 33 50 Neuhaus E 1934 Studien uber das Stettiner Haff und seine Nebengewasser 3 Untersuchungen uber den Zander Z Fisch Deren Hilfswiss 32 599 634 In German Neuman E 1979 Catch temperature relationship in fish species in a brackish heated effluent Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 58 88 106 Neuman E and P Karas 1988 Effects of pulp mill effluent on a Baltic coastal fish community Water Science and Technology 20 2 95 106 Nilsson N 1979 Food and habitat of the fish community of the offshore region of Lake Vanern Sweden Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 58 126 139 Nilsson N 1985 The niche concept and the introduction of exotics Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 62 128 135 Nygren A P Edlund U Hirsch and L Ahsgren 1968 Cytological studies in perch Perca fluviatilis L pike Esox lucius L pike perch Lucioperca lucioperca L and ruffe Acerina cernua L Hereditas 59 518 525 Nyman O L 1969 Polymorphic serum esterases in two species of freshwater fishes Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26 2532 2534 Nyman O L 1975 Allelic selection in a fish Gymnocephalus cernua L subjected to hotwater effluents Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 54 75 82 Opalatenko L K 1967 Percids of the Upper Dniester Vestn zool 2 Page L M 1985 Evolution and reproductive behaviors in percid fishes Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 3 275 295 Pavlovskiy S A and O P Sterligova 1986 Predation of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus and benthic invertebrates on the eggs of Lake Syam whitefish Coregonus lavaretus pallasi Journal of Ichthyology 26 80 86 Peirson G M Cryer I J Winfield and C R Townsend 1986 The impact of reduced nutrient loading on the fish community of a small isolated lake Alderfen Broad Proceedings of the 4th British Freshwater Fisheries Converence 4 167 175 Persson L and L Greenberg 1990a Juvenile competitive bottlenecks the perch Perca fluviatilis roach Rutilis rutilis interaction Ecology 71 44 56 Persson L and L Greenberg 1990b Interspecific and intraspecific size class competition affecting resource use and growth of perch Perca fluviatilis Oikos 59 97 106 Persson L S Diehl L Johansson G Anderson and S F Hamrin 1991 Shifts in fish communities along the productivity gradient of temperate lakes patterns and the importance of size structured interactions Journal of Fish Biology 38 281 293 Pervozvanskiy V Y and V F Bugayev 1992 Notes on the ecology of the northern pike Esox lucius from the Keret River White Sea basin Journal of Ichthyology 32 4 116 126 Peters H A Kohler and H Kranz 1987 Liver pathology in fishes from the lower Elbe as a consequence of pollution Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2 87 97 Pethon P 1980 Variations in the fish community of the Ora estuary SE Norway with emphasis on the freshwater fishes Fauna norv Ser A1 5 14 Petlina A P 1967 Biology of the ruffe from Western Siberia Author s abstract of candidature thesis Tomsk Univ Press Petrushevski G K and S S Shulman 1961 The parasitic diseases of fishes in the natural waters of the U S S R pp in V A Dogiel G K Petrushevski and Y I Polyanski Parasitology of Fishes Pihu E R 1982 Reorganization of the fishing industry and ichthyocoenosis succession in Lake Vyrts yarv Estonian SSR Journal of Ichthyology 22 6 39 44 Pihu E and A Maemets 1982 The management of fisheries in Lake Vortsjarv Hydrobiologia 86 207 210 Pihu E H and E R Pihu 1974 The food of main predacious fish of Pskov Chudskoy Lake Izv Gos Nauchno Issled Inst Ozern Rechn Rybn Khoz 83 136 143 Pitcher T J and J R Turner 1986 Danger at dawn experimental support of the twilight hypothesis in shoaling minnows Journal of Fish Biology 29A 59 70 Pokrovskii V V 1961 Basic environmental factors determining the abundance of whitefish Trudy Soveshchanii 13 228 234 Popova O A and L A Sytina 1977 Food and feeding relations of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca in various waters of the USSR Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1559 1570 Pratt D 1988 Distribution and population status of the ruffe in the St Louis estuary and Lake Superior Great Lakes Fishery Commission Lake Superior Committee pp Pratt D M W H Blust and J H Selgeby 1992 Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Newly introduced in North America Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49 1616 1618 Rab P P Roth and B Mayr 1987 Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes Pisces Percidae Caryologica 40 307 318 Rundberg H 1977 Trends in harvests of pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and northern pike Esox lucius and associated environmental changes in Lakes Malaren and Hjalmaren 1914 1974 Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1720 1724 Ryder R A and S R Kerr 1978 The adult walleye in the percid community A niche definition based on feeding behaviour and food specificity American Fisheries Society Special Publication 11 39 51 Salojarvi K and P Ekholm 1990 Predicting the efficiency of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L s l stocking from pre stocking catch statistics pp 112 126 in W L T van Densen B Steinmetz and R H Hughes eds Management of freshwater fisheries Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen Netherlands Samokhvalova L K 1982 Osobennosti pitaniya sudaka v kurshskom zalive Baltijskogo Morya v osennij period pp 67 74 In Pitanie I pishchevye otnosheniya ryb I bespozvonochnykh Atlantis cheskogo Okeana Atlantniro Kaliningrad Sanchez Sanjose B 1984 Further contribution to the growth of the ruffe Acerina cernua Pisces Perciformes Vestn cs Spolec zool 48 215 222 Sandlund O T T F Naesje L Klyke and T Lindem 1985 The vertical distribution of fish species in Lake Mjosa Norway as shown by gillnet catches and echo sounder Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 62 136 149 Selgeby J H and D H Ogle 1991 Trophic relations of ruffe and the status of ongoing research in the St Louis River Estuary Lake Superior 1990 Great Lakes Fishery Commission Lake Superior Committee 15 pp Selgeby J H and D H Ogle 1992 Trophic relations of ruffe and the status of ongoing research in the St Louis River Estuary Lake Superior 1991 Great Lakes Fishery Commission Lake Superior Committee 10 pp Shamardina I P 1967 Feeding of some fishes in Lake Glubokoe Voprosy Ikhtiologii 7 1041 1053 In Russian Shilenkova A K 1962 Some data on the systematics and biology of the ruffe of Lake Bol shoy Dzhalangash Uch zap Karagandinsk ped inst 111 2 In Russian Shmidtov A I and V V Varfolomeyev 1952 The importance of the ruffe in the fish industry and its morphobiological characteristics in the Lower Kama and the Middle Volga Uch zap Karazansk gos univ 112 7 In Russian Simon T P and J T Vondruska 1991 Larval identification of the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus in the St Louis River Estuary Lake Superior drainage basin Minnesota Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 436 442 Slade J and K Kindt 1992 Surveillance for ruffe in the upper Great Lakes 1992 Completion report USFWS Fishery Resources Office Ashland Wisconsin 8 pp Sokolov L I and V P Vasil ev 1989 Acipenser ruthens Linnaeus 1758 pp 227 262 In J Holcik ed The freshwater fishes of Europe Vol 1 pt 2 AULA Verlag Wiesbaden Sterner E 1916 Die niederelbische Kustenfischerei Die Sturenfischerei Fischerbote 8 311 314 In German not in Biolib Steinmetz B 1990 Fisheries management of the Twenthe Canals The Netherlands pp 357 364 in W L T van Densen B Steinmetz and R H Hughes eds Management of freshwater fisheries Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen Netherlands Steinmetz B E H R R Lammens and W L T Van Densen 1990 Management problems with the different allocation of fishing rights to sport and commercial fishermen in the Frisian Lakes the Netherlands pp 365 371 in W L T van Densen B Steinmetz and R H Hughes eds Management of freshwater fisheries Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen Netherlands Sterligova O P and S A Pavlovskiy 1984 Consumption of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus eggs by ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua and invertebrates Journal of Ichthyology 25 166 169 Swennen C H J L Heessen and A W M Hocker 1979 Occurrence and biology of the trematodes Cotylurus Ichthyocotylurus erraticus C I variegatus and C I platycephalus Digenea Strigeidae in the Netherlands Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 13 61 191 Swenson W A 1977 Food consumption of walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum in relations to food availability and physical conditions in Lake of the Woods Minnesota Shagawa Lake and western Lake Superior Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1643 1654 Szabo A J Nemcsok P Kasa and D Budai 1991 Comparative study of acetylcholine synthesis in organs of freshwater teleosts Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 9 93 99 Talhelm D R 1988 Economics of Great Lakes fisheries a 1985 assessment Technical report 54 Great Lakes Fishery Commission Taylor J N W R Courtenay Jr and J A McCann 1984 Known impacts of exotic fishes in the continental United States pp 322 373 In Courtenay W R Jr and J R Stauffer Jr eds Distribution biology and management of exotic species Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore MD Thomas K and F Ollevier 1992 Paratenic hosts of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 13 165 174 Thulin J J Hoglund and E Lindesjoo 1988 Diseases and parasites of fish in a bleached kraft mill effluent Water Science and Technology 20 2 179 180 Titova V F 1973 The Syamozero whitefish Petrozavodsk Karelia 97 pp In Russian Titova V F and O P Sterligova 1977 Ichthyofauna pp 125 185 In Syamozero and prospects of its utilization in fish farming In Russian Travkina G L 1971 Use of quantitative assessment to characterize the state of fish ovaries Journal of Ichthyology 11 120 123 Valtonen E T M Prost and R Rahkonen 1990 Seasonality of two gill monogeneans from two freshwater fish from an oligotrophic lake in Northeast Finland International Journal of Parasitology 20 101 107 Van Densen W L T 1985 Feeding behaviour of major 0 fish species in a shallow eutrophic lake Z Angnew Ichthyol 2 49 70 Van Densen W L T W G Cazemier W Dekker and H G J Oudelaar 1990 Management of the fish stocks in Lake IJssel The Netherlands pp 313 327 in W L T van Densen B Steinmetz and R H Hughes eds Management of freshwater fisheries Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen Netherlands Van Dobben W H 1952 The food of the cormorant in the Netherlands Ardea 40 1 63 Van Netten S M 1991 Hydrodynamics of the excitation of the cupula in the fish canal lateral line Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89 310 319 Vollestad L A 1986 Habitat use growth and feeding of pike Esox lucius L in four Norwegian lakes Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 108 107 117 Von Bekesy G 1967 Some similarities in sensory perception of fish and man pp 417 435 in P Cahn editor Lateral Line Detectors Indiana University Press Webb P W and J M Skadsen 1980 Strike tactics of Esox Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 1462 1469 Weissenberg R 1965 Fifty years of research on the lymphocystis virus disease of fishes 1914 1964 Annals of the New York Academy of Science 126 362 374 Westin L and G Aneer 1987 Locomotor activity patterns of nineteen fish and five crustacean species from the Baltic Sea Environmental Biology of Fishes 20 49 65 Wheeler A 1974 Changes in the freshwater fauna of Britain pp 157 178 In D L Hawksworth ed The changing flora and fauna of Britain Academic Press London and New York Wiley E O 1992 Phylogenetic relationships of the Percidae Teleostei Perciformes A preliminary hypothesis pp 247 267 In R L Mayden ed Systematics historical ecology and North American freshwater fishes Stanford University Press Stanford CA Willemsen J J 1968 Helminth and sporozoan parasites of fishes in the Netherlands Bulletin of the Zoological Museum University of Amsterdam 1 83 87 Willemsen J 1977 Population dynamics of Percids in Lake IJssel and some smaller lakes in the Netherlands Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34 1710 1719 Winfield I J 1992 Threats to the lake fish communities of the U K arising from eutrophication and species introductions Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42 233 242 Witkowski A and M Kolacz 1990 Geographic and ecological variability of Gymnocephalus cernuus from Poland Fragmenta Faunistica Warsaw 33 149 178 In Polish with English and Russian summaries Wootten R 1974 The spatial distribution of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium on the gills of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua and it relation to the relative amounts of water passing over the parts of the gills Journal of Helminthology 48 167 174 Wubbels R J 1991 Phase reversal in the lateral line of the ruff Acerina cernua as cue for directional sensitivity Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 100 571 573 Wunder W 1930 Bau und funktion der netzhaut beim Zander Lucioperca sandra Cub und Val und einigen anderen im Balatonsee haufigen fischarten Z Vergl Physiol 11 749 766 In German der W 1930 Bau und funktion der netzhaut beim Zander Lucioperca sandra Cub und Val und einigen anderen im Balatonsee haufigen fischarten Z Vergl Physiol 11 749 766 In German Zadorozhnaya Y A 1978 The seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the feeding of the white bream Blicca bjoerkna from Mozhaysk Reservoir Journal of Ichthyology 18 765 775 Zyznar E S and M A Ali 1975 An interpretive study of the organization of the visual cells and tapetum lucidum of Stizostedion Canadian Journal of Zoology 53 180 196