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Proteyin tirozin fosfatazi ce grupa fermentiv yaki katalizuyut reakciyu gidrolizu fosfoefirnogo zv yazku fosfotirozinovogo aminokislotnogo zalishku riznomanitnih substrativ bilkiv Fosforilyuvannya bilkiv za zalishkami tirozinu pTyr ye odniyeyu z najposhirenishih posttranslyacijnih modifikacij yaka mozhe stvoryuvati novi rozpiznavalni motivi dlya bilkovih vzayemodij i klitinnoyi lokalizaciyi vplivati na stabilnist bilka i regulyuvati aktivnist fermentu Yak naslidok pidtrimka vidpovidnogo rivnya fosforilyuvannya bilkiv za zalishkami tirozinu maye vazhlive znachennya dlya bagatoh klitinnih funkcij Tirozin specifichni proteyinfosfatazi katalizuyut gidroliz fosfoefirnogo zv yazku cherez formuvannya cisteyinil fosfatnogo fermentnogo promizhnogo kompleksu Ci fermenti ye klyuchovimi regulyatornimi komponentami v shlyahah signalnoyi transdukciyi napriklad MAR kinazni shlyahi ta kontroli klitinnogo ciklu j grayut vazhlivu rol v kontroli klitinnogo rostu proliferaciyi diferenciyuvannya transformaciyi i sinaptichnoyi plastichnosti Proteyin tirozin fosfatazaProteyin tirozin fosfataza 1 lyudini trimerIdentifikatoriSimvol Nomer CAS79747 53 8Insha informaciya3 1 3 48FunkciyiRazom z tirozinkinazami proteyin tirozin fosfatazi angl protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPs regulyuyut fosforilyuvalnij stan bagatoh vazhlivih signalnih molekul takih yak rodina MAR kinaz PTPs vse chastishe rozglyadayutsya yak nevid yemnij komponent kaskadiv signalnoyi transdukciyi nezvazhayuchi na menshu vivchenist ta rozuminnya v porivnyanni z tirozinkinazami PTPs berut uchast v regulyaciyi bagatoh klitinnih procesiv ne obmezhuyuchis ale vklyuchayuchi rist klitin klitinne diferenciyuvannya mitotichni cikli puhlinnu transformaciyu receptor oposeredkovanij endocitoz KlasifikaciyaPo mehanizmu PTP aktivnist mozhna znajti v chotiroh bilkovih rodin Posilannya na vsi 107 chleniv rodini proteyin tirozin fosfataz mozhna znajti v shabloni v nizhnij chastini ciyeyi statti Klas I PTPs klasu I ye najbilshoyu grupoyu PTPs z 99 chleniv yaki mozhut buti rozdileni na 38 klasichnih PTPs 21 receptorna PTPs 17 nereceptornih PTPs 61 VH 1 podibna fosfataza abo fosfataza z podvijnoyu specifichnistyu angl dual specific phosphatases DSPs 11 MARK fosfataz 3 slingshoti angl slingshots 3 PRLs angl phosphatases of regenerating liver 4 CDC14s 19 atipovih DSPs 5 PTENs 16 Ser Thr ta Tyr fosfatazi z podvijnoyu specifichnistyu ye grupoyu fermentiv yak z Ser Thr proteyin fosfataznoyu tak i tirozin specifichnoyu proteyin fosfataznoyu aktivnistyu j zdatni katalizuvati gidroliz fosfoefirnogo zv yazku v fosfotirozinovomu fosfoserinovomu fosfotreoninovomu aminokislotnomu zalishku v shirokogo spektra fosfoproteyiniv vklyuchayuchi ryad fermentiv yaki buli fosforilovani kinazami Proteyin fosfatazi z podvijnoyu specifichnistyu DSPs regulyuyut mitogenetichnu transdukciyu signalu i kontrolyuyut klitinnij cikl ta asocijovani z PTPN11 Pidvisheni rivni aktivovanogo PTPN5 negativno poznachayutsya na sinaptichnij stabilnosti i grayut rol v rozvitku hvorobi Alcgejmera sindromu lamkoyi X hromosomi shizofreniyi i hvorobi Parkinsona Znizhenni rivni aktivovanogo PTPN5 zumovlyuyut hvorobu Hantingtona zlovzhivannya alkogolem i stresovi rozladi U sukupnosti ci dani svidchat pro te sho tilki pri optimalnih rivnyah PTPN5 sinaptichna funkciya nezacheplenoyu Klas II Nizko molekulyarni fosfatazi abo kisli fosfatazi diyut bilki z fosforilovanimi zalishkami tirozinu pTyr nizko molekulyarni arilfosfati j prirodni i sintetichni acilfosfati PTPs klasu II mistit tilki odnogo chlena eritrocitarnu kislu fosfatazu ACP1 LMPTP Klas III Cdc25 fosfatazi dTyr i abo dThr PTPs klasu III mistyat tri chlena cdc25 A V i S Klas IV pTyr specifichni fosfatazi Klas IV PTPs mistit chotiri chleni Eya1 4 Cej klas yak vvazhayut evolyucionuvav okremo vid inshih troh Po lokalizaciyi Gruntuyuchis na yih klitinnoyi lokalizaciyi proteyin tirozin fosfatazi takozh klasifikuyutsya yak receptorni proteyin tirozin fosfatazi yaki ye transmembrannimi receptorami j mistyat proteyin tirozin fosfatazni domeni Z tochki zoru strukturi vsi vidomi receptorni proteyin tirozin fosfatazi utvoreni z zminnoyi dovzhini pozaklitinnogo domenu j nastupnih transmembrannogo i S kincevogo katalitichnogo citoplazmaticheskogo domenu Deyaki z receptornih proteyin tirozin fosfataz mistyat povtori fibronektinu tipu III FN III imunoglobulin podibni domeni domeni MAM abo karboangidraza podibni domeni v yih pozaklitinnoyi oblasti Zagalom citoplazmatichna oblast mistit dvi kopiyi domenu proteyin tirozin fosfatazi Pershij zdayetsya maye fermentativnu aktivnist v toj chas yak drugij ye neaktivnim nereceptorni vnutrishnoklitinni proteyin tirozin fosfatazi Zagalni elementi Vsi proteyin tirozin fosfatazi krim tih z rodini eya mistyat visoko konservativnij aktivnij sajt motiv C X 5R de H zalishok bud yakoyi aminokisloti j vikoristovuyut zagalnij katalitichnij mehanizm i mayut shozhu korovu strukturu z centralnogo paralelnogo b lista ta flankuyuchih a spiralej yaka mistit harakternij dlya PTP strukturnij motiv sho vklyuchaye taku pooslidovninst elementiv vtorinnoyi strukturi b list petlya a spiral petlya Funkcionalna riznomanitnist mizh PTPases viyavlyayetsya u regulyatornih domenah i subodinicyah Nizko molekulyarna proteyin tirozin fosfatazaStruktura nizko molekulyarnoyi proteyin tirozin fosfatazi IdentifikatoriSimvolLMWPcPDB http www rcsb org pdb cgi explore do pdbId 1bvh 1bvh 1c0e 1d1p 1d1q 1d2a 1dg9 1jf8 1jfv 1jl3 1ljl 1bvh 1c0e 1d1p 1d1q 1d2a 1dg9 1jf8 1jfv 1jl3 1ljl Inshi identifikatoriPfam PF01451 Insha informaciya Proteyin tirozin fosfatazaStruktura proteyin tirozin fosfatazi Yersinia IdentifikatoriSimvolY phosphatasePDB http www rcsb org pdb cgi explore do pdbId 1a5y 1a5y 1aax 1bzc 1bzh 1bzj 1c83 1c84 1c85 1c86 1c87 1a5y 1aax 1bzc 1bzh 1bzj 1c83 1c84 1c85 1c86 1c87 Inshi identifikatoriPfam PF00102 Insha informaciya Katalitichnij domen proteyin tirozin fosfatazi z podvijnoyu specifichnistyuStruktura proteyin tirozin fosfatazi z podvijnoyu 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