Ферамен

Терамен або Ферамен (дав.-гр. Θηραμένης, пом. 404 до н. е.) — афінський державний діяч, найбільш відомий в останнє десятиліття Пелопоннеської війни. Він був особливо активним під час двох періодів олігархічного правління в Афінах, а також під час судового процесу над полководцями, які правили в Аргінузах у 406 році до нашої ери. Як поміркований олігарх, він часто опинявся між демократами з одного боку, і олігархами-екстремістами з іншого. Успішно замінивши вузьку олігархію більш широкою в 411 р. до н. е., він не зміг досягти того ж в 404 р. до н. е., і був страчений екстремістами, проти політики яких виступав.

Терамен
дав.-гр. Θηραμένης
Народився	5 століття до н. е. Кос, Кос^[d], Південні Егейські острови, Греція
Помер	403 до н. е. Стародавні Афіни ·отрути
Країна	Стародавні Афіни
Діяльність	політик, військовослужбовець
Вчителі	Продік
Знання мов	давньогрецька
Учасник	Пелопоннеська війна
Членство	Тридцять тиранів і Рада чотирьохсот
Посада	стратег
Військове звання	генерал
Батько	^d
Lysias, Against Eratosthenes, 63 [ 5 грудня 2021 у Wayback Machine.] and following. Andrewes, The Arginousai Trial, 114–15 Harding, The Theramenes Myth, 106–8 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 4.106 Thucydides mentions Hagnon in roles of command at 1.117, 2.58, and 2.95 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 5.19 Lysias, Against Eratosthenes, 65^[недоступне посилання з 01.09.2017] Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.47–48 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.53–54 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.56 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.63 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.65–66 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.68 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.67 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.69–70 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.73 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.74–76 Hornblower, The Greek World, 147 Although Thucydides, at 8.89, claims that the moderates' call for the government of the 5,000 was a mere piece of propaganda, modern scholars have disagreed, pointing to the account given by Aristotle at Ath. Pol. 29 as an indication that the moderates were sincere; see Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 392–3, and Hornblower, The Greek World, 147. Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.90 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.90–91 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.91 For this entire series of incidents, see Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 8.92. Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 395 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.94 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.97–98 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 401 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 409 Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.47 Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.49 For the battle, see Diodorus, Library, 13.50–51 and Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.1.11–18 [ 2 вересня 2007 у Wayback Machine.]; for a modern synthesis, see Kagan, The Ancient Greeks, 411–13. Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.19–22 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 420 Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.66 Plutarch, Life of Alcibiades, 31.4 [ 5 грудня 2021 у Wayback Machine.] For the battle and the decision of the generals, see Diodorus, Library, 13.98–100 and Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.6.29–35. For a modern synthesis and analysis, see Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 454–61. Kagan (The Peloponnesian War, 459) gives the number as «perhaps a thousand», while Fine (The Ancient Greeks, 515) states it as «between 4,000 and 5,000» The account followed here is that of Diodorus, 13.101 [ 31 грудня 2007 у Wayback Machine.]. Xenophon, at 1.7 [ 31 грудня 2007 у Wayback Machine.], gives a different account which places much more of the blame for the trial and execution on Theramenes' shoulders. Modern scholars (see Fine The Ancient Greeks, 514–15, Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 461–66, and Hornblower, The Greek World, 151) have generally preferred Diodorus' account, for a number of reasons. See the . Xenophon, Hellenica 7.1.4 Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.101.4 [ 31 грудня 2007 у Wayback Machine.] Xenophon, Hellenica 1.7.1 Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.101.3 [ 31 грудня 2007 у Wayback Machine.] Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.101.7 [ 31 грудня 2007 у Wayback Machine.] Xenophon, Hellenica 1.7.1–34 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 466 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.1–14 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.15 Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, 480 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.19–20 Diodorus Siculus, Library 14.3.2 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.21–23 Fine, The Ancient Greeks, 519 Diodorus, at 14.3.6–7, would have Theramenes opposing the motion until compelled by Lysander to drop his objection, but this appears to be a piece of propaganda circulated by his associates in the years after his death; see Harding, The Theramenes Myth, 107. Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.11–14 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.15 Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians, 36 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.17–20 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.21–22 Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.23–34 For this speech, see Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.35–49. For the events from the end of the trial onwards, see Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.50–56. (Constitution of the Athenians, 37) gives a slightly different account of Theramenes' sentence to death. He asserts that «Theramenes was executed after Thrasybulus occupied and argues that the Thirty introduced two laws into the Council of 3,000, with orders to pass them; one was to give the Thirty absolute powers to execute any citizens not members of the roll of Three Thousand, and the other prohibited admission to citizenship under the present constitution for all who had actually taken part in the demolition of the fort on Eteiona, or in any act of opposition to the Four Hundred who had instituted the former oligarchy; in both of these proceedings Theramenes had in fact participated, so that the result was that when the laws had been ratified he became outside the constitution and the Thirty had authority to put him to death.» In the past half century, however, scholars have recognized Xenophon's account as preferable. Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.56 Harding, The Theramenes Myth, 107–9 Perrin, The Rehabilitation of Theramenes, 664 Andrewes, The Arginousai Trial, 114—115 Perrin, The Rehabilitation of Theramenes, 668–9 Harding, The Theramenes Myth, 110–11; see also Keaney, A Source/Model of Aristotle's Portrait of Theramenes, 40–41.