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Промислова рентгенографія це метод неруйнівного тестування коли можна перевірити багато типів вироблених компонентів для

Промислова рентгенографія

Промислова рентгенографія

Промислова рентгенографія — це метод неруйнівного тестування, коли можна перевірити багато типів вироблених компонентів для перевірки внутрішньої структури та цілісності зразка.

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Одержання рентгенограми

Загальна характеристика

Промислова рентгенографія може бути виконана з використанням рентгенівських або гамма-променів. Обидва є формами електромагнітного випромінювання. Різниця між різними формами електромагнітної енергії пов'язана з довжиною хвилі. Рентгенівські та гамма-промені мають найменшу довжину хвилі, і ця властивість призводить до здатності проникати у речовину різних матеріалів, наприклад, таких як вуглецева сталь та інші метали. Конкретні методи включають промислову комп'ютерну томографію.

Стандарти, які використовуються в галузі промислової рентгенографії

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

  • ISO 4993, Steel and iron castings – Radiographic inspection
  • ISO 5579, Non-destructive testing – Radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays – Basic rules
  • ISO 10675-1, Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing – Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
  • ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic films – Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
  • ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic films – Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
  • ISO 14096-1, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 1: Definitions, quantitative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and qualitative control
  • ISO 14096-2, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems – Part 2: Minimum requirements
  • ISO 17636-1: Non-destructive testing of welds. Radiographic testing. X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
  • ISO 17636-2: Non-destructive testing of welds. Radiographic testing. X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
  • ISO 19232, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

  • EN 444, Non-destructive testing; general principles for the radiographic examination of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma-rays
  • EN 462-1: Non-destructive testing – image quality of radiographs – Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) – determination of image quality value
  • EN 462-2, Non-destructive testing – image quality of radiographs – Part 2: image quality indicators (step/hole type) determination of image quality value
  • EN 462-3, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiogrammes – Part 3: Image quality classes for ferrous metals
  • EN 462-4, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables
  • EN 462-5, Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 5: Image quality of indicators (duplex wire type), determination of image unsharpness value
  • EN 584-1, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
  • EN 584-2, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
  • EN 1330-3, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 3: Terms used in industrial radiographic testing
  • EN 2002–21, Aerospace series – Metallic materials; test methods – Part 21: Radiographic testing of castings
  • EN 10246-10, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes – Part 10: Radiographic testing of the weld seam of automatic fusion arc welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections
  • EN 12517-1, Non-destructive testing of welds – Part 1: Evaluation of welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys by radiography – Acceptance levels
  • EN 12517-2, Non-destructive testing of welds – Part 2: Evaluation of welded joints in aluminium and its alloys by radiography – Acceptance levels
  • EN 12679, Non-destructive testing – Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources – Radiographic method
  • EN 12681, Founding – Radiographic examination
  • EN 13068, Non-destructive testing – Radioscopic testing
  • EN 14096, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems
  • EN 14784-1, Non-destructive testing – Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates – Part 1: Classification of systems
  • EN 14584-2, Non-destructive testing – Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates – Part 2: General principles for testing of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma rays

ASTM International (ASTM)

  • ASTM E 94, Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
  • ASTM E 155, Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
  • ASTM E 592, Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Radiography of Steel Plates 1/4 to 2 in. [6 to 51 mm] Thick with X Rays and 1 to 6 in. [25 to 152 mm] Thick with Cobalt-60
  • ASTM E 747, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
  • ASTM E 801, Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination of Electronic Devices
  • ASTM E 1030, Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
  • ASTM E 1032, Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
  • ASTM 1161, Standard Practice for Radiologic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic Components
  • ASTM E 1648, Standard Reference Radiographs for Examination of Aluminum Fusion Welds
  • ASTM E 1735, Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation from 4 to 25 MeV
  • ASTM E 1815, Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
  • ASTM E 1817, Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators (RQIs)
  • ASTM E 2104, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

  • Section V, Nondestructive Examination: Article 2 Radiographic Examination

(API)

  • API 1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities: 11.1 Radiographic Test Methods

Інтернет-ресурси

  • NIST's XAAMDI: X-Ray Attenuation and Absorption for Materials of Dosimetric Interest Database
  • NIST's XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database
  • NIST's FAST: Attenuation and Scattering Tables
  • A lost industrial radiography source event

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Promislova rentgenografiya ce metod nerujnivnogo testuvannya koli mozhna pereviriti bagato tipiv viroblenih komponentiv dlya perevirki vnutrishnoyi strukturi ta cilisnosti zrazka Oderzhannya rentgenogramiZagalna harakteristikaPromislova rentgenografiya mozhe buti vikonana z vikoristannyam rentgenivskih abo gamma promeniv Obidva ye formami elektromagnitnogo viprominyuvannya Riznicya mizh riznimi formami elektromagnitnoyi energiyi pov yazana z dovzhinoyu hvili Rentgenivski ta gamma promeni mayut najmenshu dovzhinu hvili i cya vlastivist prizvodit do zdatnosti pronikati u rechovinu riznih materialiv napriklad takih yak vugleceva stal ta inshi metali Konkretni metodi vklyuchayut promislovu komp yuternu tomografiyu Standarti yaki vikoristovuyutsya v galuzi promislovoyi rentgenografiyiInternational Organization for Standardization ISO ISO 4993 Steel and iron castings Radiographic inspection ISO 5579 Non destructive testing Radiographic examination of metallic materials by X and gamma rays Basic rules ISO 10675 1 Non destructive testing of welds Acceptance levels for radiographic testing Part 1 Steel nickel titanium and their alloys ISO 11699 1 Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography ISO 11699 2 Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values ISO 14096 1 Non destructive testing Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems Part 1 Definitions quantitative measurements of image quality parameters standard reference film and qualitative control ISO 14096 2 Non destructive testing Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems Part 2 Minimum requirements ISO 17636 1 Non destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing X and gamma ray techniques with film ISO 17636 2 Non destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing X and gamma ray techniques with digital detectors ISO 19232 Non destructive testing Image quality of radiographs European Committee for Standardization CEN EN 444 Non destructive testing general principles for the radiographic examination of metallic materials using X rays and gamma rays EN 462 1 Non destructive testing image quality of radiographs Part 1 Image quality indicators wire type determination of image quality value EN 462 2 Non destructive testing image quality of radiographs Part 2 image quality indicators step hole type determination of image quality value EN 462 3 Non destructive testing Image quality of radiogrammes Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals EN 462 4 Non destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables EN 462 5 Non destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 5 Image quality of indicators duplex wire type determination of image unsharpness value EN 584 1 Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography EN 584 2 Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values EN 1330 3 Non destructive testing Terminology Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographic testing EN 2002 21 Aerospace series Metallic materials test methods Part 21 Radiographic testing of castings EN 10246 10 Non destructive testing of steel tubes Part 10 Radiographic testing of the weld seam of automatic fusion arc welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections EN 12517 1 Non destructive testing of welds Part 1 Evaluation of welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys by radiography Acceptance levels EN 12517 2 Non destructive testing of welds Part 2 Evaluation of welded joints in aluminium and its alloys by radiography Acceptance levels EN 12679 Non destructive testing Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources Radiographic method EN 12681 Founding Radiographic examination EN 13068 Non destructive testing Radioscopic testing EN 14096 Non destructive testing Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems EN 14784 1 Non destructive testing Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates Part 1 Classification of systems EN 14584 2 Non destructive testing Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates Part 2 General principles for testing of metallic materials using X rays and gamma rays ASTM International ASTM ASTM E 94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination ASTM E 155 Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings ASTM E 592 Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Radiography of Steel Plates 1 4 to 2 in 6 to 51 mm Thick with X Rays and 1 to 6 in 25 to 152 mm Thick with Cobalt 60 ASTM E 747 Standard Practice for Design Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators IQI Used for Radiology ASTM E 801 Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination of Electronic Devices ASTM E 1030 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings ASTM E 1032 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments ASTM 1161 Standard Practice for Radiologic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic Components ASTM E 1648 Standard Reference Radiographs for Examination of Aluminum Fusion Welds ASTM E 1735 Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X Radiation from 4 to 25 MeV ASTM E 1815 Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography ASTM E 1817 Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators RQIs ASTM E 2104 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Section V Nondestructive Examination Article 2 Radiographic Examination API API 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities 11 1 Radiographic Test MethodsInternet resursiNIST s XAAMDI X Ray Attenuation and Absorption for Materials of Dosimetric Interest Database NIST s XCOM Photon Cross Sections Database NIST s FAST Attenuation and Scattering Tables A lost industrial radiography source event

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