Azərbaycanca
Беларускі
Dansk
Deutsch
Española
Français
Indonesia
Italiana
日本語
Қазақ
Lietuvos
Nederlands
Português
Русский
සිංහල
แบบไทย
Türkçe
Українська
中國人
United State
Afrikaans
Кальмарська унія — персональна унія королівств Данії, Норвегії та Швеції протягом 15 століття. Першим королем Кальмарської унії був Ерік Померанський. Його печатка поєднувала герби Норвегії (у центрі, у вигляді нагрудного знака на хресті над усім), Данії (у правій голові), Швеції (фолькунгський лев, у правій основі) та Померанії (грифон, у центрі хреста), а також символ трьох корон у голові; останній геральдичний малюнок з'явився ще до Кальмарської унії, і зараз він переважно асоціюється з гербом Швеції, але який у 15 столітті став представляти три королівства унії.
У двох листах, датованих 1430 роком, Ерік Померанський наказує священникам Вадстени та Кальмара носити на своїх мантіях «прапор королівств». Прапор описується як «червоний хрест у жовтому полі».
Список літератури
- The original was kept in until it was destroyed in a ; a 19th-century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark. The saint accompanying the and infant is , identified by his scallop shell emblem. Based on the heraldic images shown, the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania. It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s. The flag was made of coarse linen. All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil-based paint, and the flag's two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other. K. N. H. Petersen, Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria-Kirken i Lübeck, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1882, p. 57
- Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 216. ISBN .
- Sven Tito Achen (1972). Sverige. Alverdens heraldik i farver (Danish) . Copenhagen: Politikens forlag. с. 217. ISBN .
- "Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag. These are a couple of brief passages of text. There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar (though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross) and definitely no surviving flag. A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag. (Jan Oskar Engene, 11 February 2004) «What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the „banner of the realms“ on their robes. The banner is described as 'a red cross on top of a yellow field.'» (Jan Oskar Engene, 16 February 2004) crwflags.com
Вікіпедія, Українська, Україна, книга, книги, бібліотека, стаття, читати, завантажити, безкоштовно, безкоштовно завантажити, mp3, відео, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, малюнок, музика, пісня, фільм, книга, гра, ігри, мобільний, телефон, android, ios, apple, мобільний телефон, samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, ПК, web, Інтернет
Kalmarska uniya personalna uniya korolivstv Daniyi Norvegiyi ta Shveciyi protyagom 15 stolittya Pershim korolem Kalmarskoyi uniyi buv Erik Pomeranskij Jogo pechatka poyednuvala gerbi Norvegiyi u centri u viglyadi nagrudnogo znaka na hresti nad usim Daniyi u pravij golovi Shveciyi folkungskij lev u pravij osnovi ta Pomeraniyi grifon u centri hresta a takozh simvol troh koron u golovi ostannij geraldichnij malyunok z yavivsya she do Kalmarskoyi uniyi i zaraz vin perevazhno asociyuyetsya z gerbom Shveciyi ale yakij u 15 stolitti stav predstavlyati tri korolivstva uniyi Prapor za opisom Erika Pomeranskogo Malyunok vijskovo morskogo prapora zahoplenogo z datskogo korablya pid chas morskoyi bitvi v Eresundi Ganzejskim soyuzom u 1427 roci na yakomu zobrazheni gerbi Daniyi Shveciyi Norvegiyi ta Pomeraniyi Korolivska pechatka Erika Pomeranskogo 1398 U dvoh listah datovanih 1430 rokom Erik Pomeranskij nakazuye svyashennikam Vadsteni ta Kalmara nositi na svoyih mantiyah prapor korolivstv Prapor opisuyetsya yak chervonij hrest u zhovtomu poli Spisok literaturiThe original was kept in until it was destroyed in a a 19th century copy is on exhibit at the Danish Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Palace Denmark The saint accompanying the and infant is identified by his scallop shell emblem Based on the heraldic images shown the flag must have dated from the reign of King Eric of Pomerania It was consequently created no earlier than 1396 and no later than the 1420s The flag was made of coarse linen All figures and heraldic insignia were created using oil based paint and the flag s two sides were imperfectly painted as mirrors of each other K N H Petersen Et dansk Flag fra Unionstiden i Maria Kirken i Lubeck Copenhagen C A Reitzel 1882 p 57 Sven Tito Achen 1972 Sverige Alverdens heraldik i farver Danish Copenhagen Politikens forlag s 216 ISBN 87 567 1685 0 Sven Tito Achen 1972 Sverige Alverdens heraldik i farver Danish Copenhagen Politikens forlag s 217 ISBN 87 567 1685 0 Sources are scant about the Union of Kalmar flag These are a couple of brief passages of text There is no pictorial evidence attesting to the Union flag from the time of the Union of Kalmar though some authors point to heraldic evidence for a red union cross and definitely no surviving flag A flag seen by Hugh Watkins in a museum showing a red Scandinavian cross on a yellow field is a recreation of what is thought to have been the union flag Jan Oskar Engene 11 February 2004 What remains of evidence is two letters from 1430 in which King Erik orders the priests of Vadstena and Kalmar to wear the banner of the realms on their robes The banner is described as a red cross on top of a yellow field Jan Oskar Engene 16 February 2004 crwflags com